2,642 research outputs found
Metal-poor, Strongly Star-Forming Galaxies in the DEEP2 Survey: The Relationship between Stellar Mass, Temperature-based Metallicity, and Star Formation Rate
We report on the discovery of 28 metal-poor galaxies in DEEP2.
These galaxies were selected for their detection of the weak
[OIII]4363 emission line, which provides a "direct" measure of the
gas-phase metallicity. A primary goal for identifying these rare galaxies is to
examine whether the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) between stellar
mass, gas metallicity, and star formation rate (SFR) holds for low stellar mass
and high SFR galaxies. The FMR suggests that higher SFR galaxies have lower
metallicity (at fixed stellar mass). To test this trend, we combine
spectroscopic measurements of metallicity and dust-corrected SFRs, with stellar
mass estimates from modeling the optical photometry. We find that these
galaxies are dex above the z~1 stellar mass-SFR relation, and
dex below the local mass-metallicity relation. Relative to the
FMR, the latter offset is reduced to 0.01 dex, but significant dispersion
remains (0.29 dex with 0.16 dex due to measurement uncertainties). This
dispersion suggests that gas accretion, star formation and chemical enrichment
have not reached equilibrium in these galaxies. This is evident by their short
stellar mass doubling timescale of Myr that suggests
stochastic star formation. Combining our sample with other z~1 metal-poor
galaxies, we find a weak positive SFR-metallicity dependence (at fixed stellar
mass) that is significant at 94.4% confidence. We interpret this positive
correlation as recent star formation that has enriched the gas, but has not had
time to drive the metal-enriched gas out with feedback mechanisms.Comment: Resubmitted to ApJ on March 6, 2015. Revised to discuss selection
biases and methodologies, and address the former by including more metal-rich
galaxies with robust non-detections of [OIII]4363. Primary results on FMR
analyses are unchanged. Additional figures are included to illustrate
selection biases; previous figures have been revised to improve presentatio
Dynamic Interchanging Native States of Lymphotactin Examined by SNAPP-MS
The human chemokine lymphotactin (Ltn) is a remarkable protein that interconverts between two unrelated native state structures in the condensed phase. It is possible to shift the equilibrium toward either conformation with selected sequence substitutions. Previous results have shown that a disulfide-stabilized variant preferentially adopts the canonical chemokine fold (Ltn10), while a single amino acid change (W55D) favors the novel Ltn40 dimeric structure. Selective noncovalent adduct protein probing (SNAPP) is a recently developed method for examining solution phase protein structure. Herein, it is demonstrated that SNAPP can easily recognize and distinguish between the Ltn10 and Ltn40 states of lymphotactin in aqueous solution. The effects of organic denaturants, acid, and disulfide bond reduction and blocking were also examined using SNAPP for the CC3, W55D, and wild type proteins. Only disulfide reduction was shown to significantly perturb the protein, and resulted in considerably decreased adduct formation consistent with loss of tertiary/secondary structure. Cold denaturation experiments demonstrated that wild-type Ltn is the most temperature sensitive of the three proteins. Examination of the higher charge states in all experiments, which are presumed to represent transition state structures between Ltn-10 and Ltn-40, reveals increased 18C6 attachment relative to the more folded structures. This observation is consistent with increased competitive intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which may guide the transition. Experiments examining the gas phase structures revealed that all three proteins can be structurally distinguished in the gas phase. In addition, the gas phase experiments enabled identification of preferred adduct binding sites
The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha. III. H-alpha Luminosity Functions at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40
The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha, or WySH, is a large-area, ground-based
imaging survey for H-alpha-emitting galaxies at redshifts of z ~ 0.16, 0.24,
0.32, and 0.40. The survey spans up to four square degrees in a set of fields
of low Galactic cirrus emission, using twin narrowband filters at each epoch
for improved stellar continuum subtraction. H-alpha luminosity functions are
presented for each Delta(z) ~ 0.02 epoch based on a total of nearly 1200
galaxies. These data clearly show an evolution with lookback time in the
volume-averaged cosmic star formation rate. Integrals of Schechter fits to the
incompleteness- and extinction-corrected H-alpha luminosity functions indicate
star formation rates per co-moving volume of 0.010, 0.013, 0.020, 0.022 h_70
M_sun yr^{-1} Mpc^{-3} at z ~ 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.40, respectively.
Statistical and systematic measurement uncertainties combined are on the order
of 25% while the effects of cosmic variance are at the 20% level. The bulk of
this evolution is driven by changes in the characteristic luminosity L_* of the
H-alpha luminosity functions, with L_* for the earlier two epochs being a
factor of two larger than L_* at the latter two epochs; it is more difficult
with this data set to decipher systematic evolutionary differences in the
luminosity function amplitude and faint-end slope. Coupling these results with
a comprehensive compilation of results from the literature on emission line
surveys, the evolution in the cosmic star formation rate density over 0 < z <
1.5 is measured to be rho_dot_SFR(z) = rho_dot_SFR(0) (1+z)^{3.4+/-0.4}.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Global Star Formation Rate Density over 0.7<z<1.9
We determine the global star formation rate density at 0.7<z<1.9 using
emission-line selected galaxies identified in Hubble Space Telescope Near
Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrograph (HST-NICMOS) grism spectroscopy
observations. Observing in pure parallel mode throughout HST Cycles 12 and 13,
our survey covers ~104 arcmin2 from which we select 80 galaxies with likely
redshifted Ha emission lines. In several cases, a somewhat weaker [OIII]
doublet emission is also detected. The Ha luminosity range of the emission-line
galaxy sample is 4.4 x 10^41 < L(Ha) < 1.5 x 10^43 erg/s. In this range, the
luminosity function is well described by a Schechter function with phi* =
(4.24\pm3.55) x 10^-3 Mpc^-3, L* = (2.88\pm1.58) x 10^42 erg/s, and alpha =
-1.39\pm0.43. We derive a volume-averaged star formation rate density of
0.138\pm0.058 Msun/yr/Mpc3 at z=1.4 without an extinction correction.
Subdividing the redshift range, we find star formation rate densities of
0.088\pm0.056 Msun/yr/Mpc3 at z=1.1 and 0.265\pm0.174 Msun/yr/Mpc3 at z=1.6.
The overall star formation rate density is consistent with previous studies
using Ha when the same average extinction correction is applied, confirming
that the cosmic peak of star formation occurs at z>1.5.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Nebular Attenuation in H\alpha-selected Star-forming Galaxies at z=0.8 from the NewH\alpha\ Survey
We present measurements of the dust attenuation of H\alpha-selected
emission-line galaxies at z=0.8 from the NewH\alpha\ narrowband survey. The
analysis is based on deep follow-up spectroscopy with Magellan/IMACS, which
captures the strong rest-frame optical emission lines from [OII] \lambda 3727
to [OIII] \lambda 5007. The spectroscopic sample used in this analysis consists
of 341 confirmed H\alpha\ emitters. We place constraints on the AGN fraction
using diagnostics which can be applied at intermediate redshift. We find that
at least 5% of the objects in our spectroscopic sample can be classified as AGN
and 2% are composite, i.e. powered by a combination of star-formation and AGN
activity. We measure the dust attenuation for individual objects from the
ratios of the higher order Balmer lines. The H\beta\ and H\gamma\ pair of lines
is detected with S/N>5 in 55 individual objects and the H\beta\ and H\delta\
pair is detected in 50 individual objects. We also create stacked spectra to
probe the attenuation in objects without individual detections. The median
attenuation at H\alpha\ based on the objects with individually detected lines
is A(H\alpha)=0.9+-1.0 magnitudes, in good agreement with the attenuation found
in local samples of star-forming galaxies. We find that the z=0.8 galaxies
occupy a similar locus of attenuation as a function of magnitude, mass and SFR
as a comparison sample drawn from the SDSS DR4. Both the results from the
individual z=0.8 galaxies and from the stacked spectra show consistency with
the mass -- attenuation and SFR -- attenuation relations found in the local
Universe, indicating that these relations are also applicable at intermediate
redshift.Comment: Submitted to AJ. Revised per referee's comment
The [O II] lambda 3727 Luminosity Function at z ~ 1
We measure the evolution of the [OII]lambda 3727 luminosity function at
0.75<z<1.45 using high-resolution spectroscopy of ~14,000 galaxies observed by
the DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey. We find that brighter than L_{OII}=10^{42}
erg s^(-1) the luminosity function is well-represented by a power law dN/dL ~
L^{\alpha} with slope \alpha ~ -3. The number density of [OII] emitting
galaxies above this luminosity declines by a factor of >~2.5 between z ~ 1.35
and z ~ 0.84. In the limit of no number-density evolution, the characteristic
[OII] luminosity, L^*_[OII], defined as the luminosity where the space density
equals 10^{-3.5} dex^{-1} Mpc^{-3}, declines by a factor of ~1.8 over the same
redshift interval. Assuming that L_[OII] is proportional to the star-formation
rate (SFR), and negligible change in the typical dust attenuation in galaxies
at fixed [OII] luminosity, the measured decline in L^*_[OII] implies a ~25% per
Gyr decrease in the amount of star formation in galaxies during this epoch.
Adopting a faint-end power-law slope of -1.3\pm0.2, we derive the comoving SFR
density in four redshift bins centered around z~1 by integrating the observed
[OII] luminosity function using a local, empirical calibration between L_[OII]
and SFR, which statistically accounts for variations in dust attenuation and
metallicity among galaxies. We find that our estimate of the SFR density at z~1
is consistent with previous measurements based on a variety of independent SFR
indicators.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, resubmitted to ApJ, in emulateapj
style. Comparison with narrow-band observations added. Wavelength coverage
included into complete function, little effects. The data is available on
http://bias.cosmo.fas.nyu.edu/galevolution
Treatment of insomnia in myasthenia gravis-A prospective study on non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in the treatment of myasthenia gravis patients with insomnia
Objectives:Â This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with insomnia.
Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study. Outpatients who met the criteria for stable MG and insomnia diagnosis according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (third edition) were included in the study. They took a regular dose of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics (zolpidem 10 mg per night or zopiclone 7.5 mg per night) based on their own preferences. Patients received psychotherapy (including sleep health education) and were followed up for 4–5 weeks. Cases with lung diseases, respiratory disorders, or inappropriate use of hypnotic medications were excluded. The primary outcome is the difference in total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score between baseline and the end of follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include the difference in Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) between baseline and the end of follow-up period and the safety of medication.
Results: A total of 75 MG patients with insomnia were included in this study. After 4–5 weeks of treatment, the total PSQI score and MG-ADL score were lower than baseline (p < 0.01). No patients had an increased MG-ADL score. The incidence rate of adverse events was 16.0% (12 cases), including dizziness (6 cases, 8.0%), drowsiness (3 cases, 4.0%), fatigue (2 cases, 2.7%), and nausea (1 case, 1.3%), all of which were mild. No patients had new onset breathing disorders.
Conclusion:Â Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics are safe and effective for stable MG patients who need insomnia treatment
Large Area Survey for z=7 Galaxies in SDF and GOODS-N: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Cosmic Reionization
We present results of our large-area survey for z'-band dropout galaxies at
z=7 in a 1568 arcmin^2 sky area covering the SDF and GOODS-N fields. Combining
our ultra-deep Subaru/Suprime-Cam z'- and y-band (lambda_eff=1um) images with
legacy data of Subaru and HST, we have identified 22 bright z-dropout galaxies
down to y=26, one of which has a spectroscopic redshift of z=6.96 determined
from Lya emission. The z=7 luminosity function (LF) yields the best-fit
Schechter parameters of phi*=0.69 +2.62/-0.55 x10^(-3) Mpc^(-3), Muv*=-20.10
+/-0.76 mag, and alpha=-1.72 +/-0.65, and indicates a decrease from z=6 at a
>95% confidence level. This decrease is beyond the cosmic variance in our two
fields, which is estimated to be a factor of <~2. We have found that the cosmic
star formation rate density drops from the peak at z=2-3 to z=7 roughly by a
factor of ~10 but not larger than ~100. A comparison with the reionization
models suggests either that the Universe could not be totally ionized by only
galaxies at z=7, or more likely that properties of galaxies at z=7 are
different from those at low redshifts having, e.g., a larger escape fraction
(>~0.2), and/or a flatter IMF. Our SDF z-dropout galaxies appear to form 60-Mpc
long filamentary structures, and the z=6.96 galaxy with Lya emission is located
at the center of an overdense region consisting of four UV bright dropout
candidates, which might suggest an existence of a well-developed ionized bubble
at z=7.Comment: 20 pages; ApJ in press, measurements improved with HST/WFC3 data
point
Stellar Populations of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=1-3 in the HST/WFC3 Early Release Science Observations
We analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Lyman break galaxies
(LBGs) at z=1-3 selected using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field
Camera 3 (WFC3) UVIS channel filters. These HST/WFC3 observations cover about
50 sq. arcmin in the GOODS-South field as a part of the WFC3 Early Release
Science program. These LBGs at z=1-3 are selected using dropout selection
criteria similar to high redshift LBGs. The deep multi-band photometry in this
field is used to identify best-fit SED models, from which we infer the
following results: (1) the photometric redshift estimate of these dropout
selected LBGs is accurate to within few percent; (2) the UV spectral slope
(beta) is redder than at high redshift (z>3), where LBGs are less dusty; (3) on
average, LBGs at z=1-3 are massive, dustier and more highly star-forming,
compared to LBGs at higher redshifts with similar luminosities
(0.1L*<~L<~2.5L*), though their median values are similar within 1-sigma
uncertainties. This could imply that identical dropout selection technique, at
all redshifts, find physically similar galaxies; and (4) stellar masses of
these LBGs are directly proportional to their UV luminosities with a
logarithmic slope of ~0.46, and star-formation rates are proportional to their
stellar masses with a logarithmic slope of ~0.90. These relations hold true ---
within luminosities probed in this study --- for LBGs from z~1.5 to 5. The
star-forming galaxies selected using other color-based techniques show similar
correlations at z~2, but to avoid any selection biases, and for direct
comparison with LBGs at z>3, a true Lyman break selection at z~2 is essential.
The future HST UV surveys, both wider and deeper, covering a large luminosity
range are important to better understand LBG properties, and their evolution.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (29 pages, 9 figures
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