Six senses while considering hydatid cyst as a differential for a swelling at nape of the neck: a case report

While cervical swellings usually are located in anterior midline like thyroglossal cyst, thyroid swellings, or in antero-lateral aspect of neck like cold abscess, branchial cyst, lymphangioma, cervical lymphadenopathy etc. Nape of the neck swelling is even less common with differentials including lipoma, sebaceous cyst, lymphangioma, etc. Hydatid cyst (HC) is often missed as a differential resulting in intraoperative surprises. This case report might change the mind of the readers to keep HC in back of their minds while approaching a case of swelling of the neck. Here we report a case of 15 years’ female who presented with swelling of nape of neck which on evaluation was inclining towards lipoma/epidermal cyst. With an intention for surgical exploration and excision, the patient was taken for operation, where we discovered it to be HC and the same was later confirmed by histopathology as well. Because of its rare presentation the primary diagnosis of HC is often missed out in spite of having sensitive cytology and imaging modalities. Hence, by reporting this case we intend to emphasize six facts a clinician, a radiologist and also a pathologist must consider while keeping primary HC at an unusual site as a differential diagnosis.

Construction of Membership Function for Software Metrics

AbstractA software developer has to deal with a lot of challenging requirements such as cost prediction, defect prediction, reliability prediction, testing effort prediction, safety prediction, and many more while developing quality software. However, it has been found that the most of the software development activity is performed by human beings. This may introduce various faults across the development, causing failures in near future. Therefore, prediction of software defect has been one of the major areas of concern. A number of the software defect prediction model using software metrics has been proposed in last two decades. However, predicting software defect by taking all the software metrics (traditional, object oriented and process) is computationally complex. Therefore, an intelligent selection of metrics plays a vital role in improving the software quality. In the early phases of the software development life cycle, software metrics are associated with uncertainty and can be assessed in linguistic terms. Construction of membership function is very important because the success of a method depends on the membership functions used. Therefore, in this paper, a methodology has been proposed to construct the membership functions of software metrics

Co-inoculated Biopriming with Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium Improves Crop Growth in Cicer arietinum and Phaseolus vulgaris

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of three rhizosphere competent microbial strains, viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens OKC, Trichoderma asperellum T42 and Rhizobium sp. RH4, individually and in combination in bioprimed seeds of chickpea and rajma. Seeds were sown in pots and fields and the results demonstrated that bioprimed seeds showed higher germination percentage, and better plant growth in both the crops compared to non-bioprimed control plants. It was also observed that the combined application of the microbes enhanced seed germination and plant growth better than their individual application. Among the combinations all combinations comprising of Trichoderma showed better results compared to the others and the triple microbial combination demonstrated best results in terms of seed germination and seedling growth in both chickpea and rajma. Highlights • Germination of chickpea and rajma seeds were higher in combined application of Trichoderma, Pseduomonas and Rhizobium • Seedling growth enhanced in triple microbe treatmen

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Not AvailableToxocarosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by the ascarid Toxocara canis. Serodiagnosis of toxocarosis is carried out using Toxocara excretory-secretory and recombinant antigens. In the present study T. canis arginine kinase gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned in a prokaryotic expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was used in IgG-ELISA for detection of T. canis infection in the adult dogs. Further evaluation of this recombinant antigen in the diagnosis of T. canis infection in dogs is under way.Not Availabl