502 research outputs found
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION GIVEN BY CREATIVE DRAMA METHOD ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of environmental education given by creative drama method on 5-6 year old children on environmental awareness of children. The study, which has a mixed model in which qualitative and quantitative methods are used, has a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The study was carried out with a total of 26 children. The data were collected by using “Environmental Scale for Children” and by drawing pictures. As a result of the analyses of t-test, a significant difference in favour of the experimental group was found between the two groups (t= -7,676, p<.05). It has been determined that environmental education given by drama method has a positive effect on children's environmental awareness. The content analysis method was used for the analysis of pictures drawn by children at the end of the sessions. It was found that children reflected the importance of trees/forests, living things relation, importance of air and water in their pictures. Article visualizations
Bringing Order to Special Cases of Klee's Measure Problem
Klee's Measure Problem (KMP) asks for the volume of the union of n
axis-aligned boxes in d-space. Omitting logarithmic factors, the best algorithm
has runtime O*(n^{d/2}) [Overmars,Yap'91]. There are faster algorithms known
for several special cases: Cube-KMP (where all boxes are cubes), Unitcube-KMP
(where all boxes are cubes of equal side length), Hypervolume (where all boxes
share a vertex), and k-Grounded (where the projection onto the first k
dimensions is a Hypervolume instance).
In this paper we bring some order to these special cases by providing
reductions among them. In addition to the trivial inclusions, we establish
Hypervolume as the easiest of these special cases, and show that the runtimes
of Unitcube-KMP and Cube-KMP are polynomially related. More importantly, we
show that any algorithm for one of the special cases with runtime T(n,d)
implies an algorithm for the general case with runtime T(n,2d), yielding the
first non-trivial relation between KMP and its special cases. This allows to
transfer W[1]-hardness of KMP to all special cases, proving that no n^{o(d)}
algorithm exists for any of the special cases under reasonable complexity
theoretic assumptions. Furthermore, assuming that there is no improved
algorithm for the general case of KMP (no algorithm with runtime O(n^{d/2 -
eps})) this reduction shows that there is no algorithm with runtime
O(n^{floor(d/2)/2 - eps}) for any of the special cases. Under the same
assumption we show a tight lower bound for a recent algorithm for 2-Grounded
[Yildiz,Suri'12].Comment: 17 page
Investigation of mitophagy biomarkers in corneal epithelium of keratoconus patients
Purpose: The pathological mechanisms of keratoconus (KC) have not been elucidated yet. Mitophagy is an important mechanism that eliminates damaged mitochondria under oxidative stress, and it could be one of the leading pathological causes of KC. This study aimed to find out the role of mitophagy in the keratoconic corneal epithelium.
Methods: The corneal epithelia were collected from the 103 progressive KC patients and the 46 control subjects. The real-time quantitative PCR was performed for PTEN-putative kinase-1 (PINK1), PARKIN, p62, and BNIP3 gene expressions in 31 KC and 9 control subjects. Western blot analyses were performed to investigate the protein expressions of PINK1, PARKIN, LC3B, ATG5, and BECLIN in the remaining 109 corneal epithelium samples from 72 patients and 37 control subjects.
Results: mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1 decreased significantly in the corneal epithelium of KC patients compared to the control subjects. No significant change was found in mRNA levels of PARKIN, p62, and BNIP3 in KC patients. The protein expression of PARKIN, LC3B, ATG5, and Beclin did not significantly differ between KC patients and control subjects. Gene expression levels of mitophagy biomarkers were not affected by the KC grade.
Conclusions: PINK1/PARKIN-dependent mitophagy is affected in the keratoconic corneal epithelium. We found significant decreases in both mRNA and protein expressions of PINK1 in the keratoconic corneal epithelium. However, we did not observe any other significant change in mitophagy markers. Mitochondrial stress-related mitophagy pathways could be interrupted by the decreased levels of PINK1 in the keratoconic corneal epithelium, but solely PINK1 dysregulation is not likely to induce KC pathogenesis
Experimental analysis of refrigerated truck thermal behaviour
Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.This study mainly focuses on experimental investigation of
ceiling-slot ventilated enclosures for determining the airflow
and thermal characteristics. The experimental prototype has the
dimensions of 8.33 m (length) x 2.50 m (height) x 2.46 m
(width) and the cooled air is injected into the container through
a half-width slot positioned at the centre of front surface and
close to the ceiling. The prototype is positioned inside of a
climatic test chamber having dimensions of 14 m (length) x 5 m
(width) x 6.5 m (height). The temperature and the relative
humidity of the test chamber may be varied within limits of (-
20°C and +50°C), and (5% and 95%) respectively. The air
velocity at the slot exit is varied by changing the fan speed so
that two different Reynolds numbers 4.3x105 and 7.86x105 are
studied in the analysis. In experiments, the system at specified
inside, outside and airflow conditions is approximately run for
two hours to establish steady-state conditions. In recording
data, the system data is divided into two groups: 1. The cooling
unit data that includes refrigerant side volumetric flow rate, the
pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet of compressor,
condenser and evaporator. Additionally, temperature and
volumetric flow rate of air through the condenser, and the fuel
consumption of the engine are also recorded. 2. The container
data covers air velocity at the slot exit, and a total of 110
thermocouples measure the surface temperatures of all surfaces
(inside and outside) of the container and local temperature
variation of the airflow. Measurements carried out at both sides
(air side and refrigerant side) to validate the data with an
accuracy band ±6.5% of the air side measurements. The
thermal performance of ventilation in the container is measured
by a non-dimensional temperature distribution, θx at a particular
cross-section. As a result of measured data, conventional COP
of the system and f COP based on fuel consumption rate are
also presented.dc201
A low-mass protostar’s disk-envelope interface: disk-shadowing evidence from ALMA DCO⁺ observations of VLA1623
Context. Historically, due to instrumental limitations and a lack of disk detections, the structure of the transition from the envelope to the rotationally supported disk has been poorly studied. This is now possible with ALMA through observations of CO isotopologues and tracers of freezeout. Class 0 sources are ideal for such studies given their almost intact envelope and young disk. Aims. The structure of the disk-envelope interface of the prototypical Class 0 source, VLA1623A, which has a confirmed Keplerian disk, is constrained through modeling and analysis of ALMA observations of DCO+ (3−2) and C18O (2−1) rotational lines. Methods. The physical structure of VLA1623 is obtained from the large-scale spectral energy distribution (SED) and continuum radiative transfer. An analytic model using a simple network coupled with radial density and temperature profiles is used as input for a 2D line radiative transfer calculation for comparison with the ALMA Cycle 0 12-m array and Cycle 2 ACA observations of VLA1623. Results. The DCO+ emission shows a clumpy structure bordering VLA1623A’s Keplerian disk. This suggests a cold ring-like structure at the disk-envelope interface. The radial position of the observed DCO+ peak is reproduced in our model only if the region’s temperature is between 11 K and 16 K, lower than expected from models constrained by continuum data and source SED. Altering the density profile has little effect on the DCO+ peak position, but increased density is needed to reproduce the observed C18O tracing the disk. Conclusions. The observed DCO+ (3−2) emission around VLA1623A is the product of shadowing of the envelope by the disk observed in C18O. Disk-shadowing causes a drop in the gas temperature outside of the disk on >200 AU scales, encouraging the production of deuterated molecules. This indicates that the physical structure of the disk-envelope interface differs from the rest of the envelope, highlighting the drastic impact that the disk has on the envelope and temperature structure. The results presented here show that DCO+ is an excellent cold temperature tracer
Uncertainties in models of stellar structure and evolution
Numerous physical aspects of stellar physics have been presented in Ses- sion
2 and the underlying uncertainties have been tentatively assessed. We try here
to highlight some specific points raised after the talks and during the general
discus- sion at the end of the session and eventually at the end of the
workshop. A table of model uncertainties is then drawn with the help of the
participants in order to give the state of the art in stellar modeling
uncertainties as of July 2013.Comment: Proc. of the workshop "Asteroseismology of stellar populations in the
Milky Way" (Sesto, 22-26 July 2013), Astrophysics and Space Science
Proceedings, (eds. A. Miglio, L. Girardi, P. Eggenberger, J. Montalban
Diagnostic approach of tuberculous lymphadenitis in a multicenter study
Introduction: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is the most common infectious etiology of peripheral lymphadenopathy in adults, in Turkiye. This study aimed to identify the demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables that differentiate TBLN from non-tuberculous lymphadenitis (NTBLN), as well as the etiology of lymphadenopathy in adults. Methodology: Patients who were over 18 years old and were referred to the infectious disease outpatient clinics with complaints of swollen peripheral lymph nodes, and who underwent lymph node biopsy between 1 January 2010 and 1 March 2021, were included in this multicenter, nested case-control study. Results: A total of 812 patients at 17 tertiary teaching and research hospitals in Turkiye were included in the study. TBLN was the most frequent diagnosis (53.69%). The proportion of patients diagnosed with TBLN was higher among females; and among those who had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive purified protein derivative test, and positive interferon-gamma release test result (p < 0.05). However, TBLN was less frequent among patients with generalized lymphadenopathy, bilateral lymphadenopathy, axillary lymphadenopathy, inguinal lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and moderately increased C reactive protein levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Identifying the variables that predict TBLN or discriminate TBLN from NTBLN will help clinicians establish optimal clinical strategies for the diagnosis of adult lymphadenopathy
Water and methanol in low-mass protostellar outflows: gas-phase synthesis, ice sputtering and destruction
Water in outflows from protostars originates either as a result of gas-phase synthesis from atomic oxygen at T ≳ 200 K, or from sputtered ice mantles containing water ice. We aim to quantify the contribution of the two mechanisms that lead to water in outflows, by comparing observations of gas-phase water to methanol (a grain surface product) towards three low-mass protostars in NGC 1333. In doing so, we also quantify the amount of methanol destroyed in outflows. To do this, we make use of James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared data of H2O, CH3OH and CO emission lines and compare them to RADEX non-local thermodynamic equilibrium excitation simulations. We find up to one order of magnitude decrease in the column density ratio of CH3OH over H2O as the velocity increases in the line wings up to ∼15 km s−1. An independent decrease in X(CH3OH) with respect to CO of up to one order of magnitude is also found in these objects. We conclude that gas-phase formation of H2O must be active at high velocities (above 10 km s−1 relative to the source velocity) to re-form the water destroyed during sputtering. In addition, the transition from sputtered water at low velocities to form water at high velocities must be gradual. We place an upper limit of two orders of magnitude on the destruction of methanol by sputtering effects
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