Sulfur chemistry: 1D modeling in massive dense cores

The main sulfur-bearing molecules OCS, H2S, SO, SO2, and CS have been observed in four high mass dense cores (W43-MM1, IRAS 18264, IRAS 05358, and IRAS 18162). Our goal is to put some constraints on the relative evolutionary stage of these sources by comparing these observations with time-dependent chemical modeling. We used the chemical model Nahoon, which computes the gas-phase chemistry and gas-grain interactions of depletion and evaporation. Mixing of the different chemical compositions shells in a 1D structure through protostellar envelope has been included since observed lines suggest nonthermal supersonic broadening. Observed radial profiles of the temperature and density are used to compute the chemistry as a function of time. With our model, we underproduce CS by several orders of magnitude compared to the other S-bearing molecules, which seems to contradict observations, although some uncertainties in the CS abundance observed at high temperature remain. The OCS/SO2, SO/SO2, and H2S/SO2 abundance ratios could in theory be used to trace the age of these massive protostars since they show a strong dependence with time, but the sources are too close in age compared to the accuracy of chemical models and observations. Our comparison between observations and modeling may, however, indicate that W43-MM1 could be chemically younger than the three other sources. Turbulent diffusivity through the protostellar envelopes has to be less efficient than 2e14 cm2s-1. Otherwise, it would have smoothed out the abundance profiles, and this would have been observed. The sulfur chemistry depends strongly on the 1D physical conditions. In our case, no conclusion can be given on the relative age of IRAS 18264, IRAS 18162 and IRAS 05358 except that they are very close. W43-MM1 seems younger than the other sources.Comment: Accepted for publication to A&

Compte rendu de Maurice Halbwachs, 2012, Écrits d’Amérique, Édition établie et présentée par Christian Topalov, Paris, Éditions EHESS

Dans Écrits d’Amérique, Christian Topalov nous donne une biographie intellectuelle de Maurice Halbwachs. La nouveauté de ce livre réside dans le fait que son auteur appuie sa démonstration sur les expressions langagières du sociologue durkheimien dans différents contextes d’action. Les mêmes thèmes et les mêmes mots (la ville, l’homme américain, le nègre, le juif) prennent des significations différentes selon que M. Halbwachs écrit pour des publications académiques, pour des articles publiés en première page du quotidien Le Progrès de Lyon sous une rubrique intitulée « Lettres des États-Unis » et dans la correspondance avec son épouse qui ne l’a pas accompagnée lors de son séjour à l’université de Chicago au quatrième trimestre de l’année 1930. L’intérêt du livre pour le lecteur vient de ce que le sociologue en voyage à l’étranger, conscient de la diversité des registres de ses actions et de ses expériences, ne parvient pas à les rendre toujours compatibles [Premier paragraphe]

Compte rendu de Maurice Halbwachs, 2012, Écrits d’Amérique, Édition établie et présentée par Christian Topalov, Paris, Éditions EHESS

Dans Écrits d’Amérique, Christian Topalov nous donne une biographie intellectuelle de Maurice Halbwachs. La nouveauté de ce livre réside dans le fait que son auteur appuie sa démonstration sur les expressions langagières du sociologue durkheimien dans différents contextes d’action. Les mêmes thèmes et les mêmes mots (la ville, l’homme américain, le nègre, le juif) prennent des significations différentes selon que M. Halbwachs écrit pour des publications académiques, pour des articles publiés en première page du quotidien Le Progrès de Lyon sous une rubrique intitulée « Lettres des États-Unis » et dans la correspondance avec son épouse qui ne l’a pas accompagnée lors de son séjour à l’université de Chicago au quatrième trimestre de l’année 1930. L’intérêt du livre pour le lecteur vient de ce que le sociologue en voyage à l’étranger, conscient de la diversité des registres de ses actions et de ses expériences, ne parvient pas à les rendre toujours compatibles [Premier paragraphe]

O-bearing Molecules in Carbon-rich Proto-Planetary Objects

We present ISO LWS observations of the proto-planetary nebula CRL 618, a star evolving very fast to the planetary nebula stage. In addition to the lines of 12CO, 13CO, HCN and HNC, we report on the detection of H2O and OH emission together with the fine structure lines of [OI] at 63 and 145 um. The abundance of the latter three species relative to 12CO are 4 10^{-2}, 8 10^{-4} and 4.5 (approximate value) in the regions where they are produced. We suggest that O-bearing species other than CO are produced in the innermost region of the circumstellar envelope. The UV photons from the central star photodissociate most of the molecular species produced in the AGB phase and allow a chemistry dominated by standard ion-neutral reactions. Not only allow these reactions the formation of O-bearing species, but they also modify the abundances of C-rich molecules like HCN and HNC for which we found an abundance ratio of roughly 1, much lower than in AGB stars. The molecular abundances in the different regions of the circumstellar envelope have been derived from radiative transfer models and our knowledge of its physical structure.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Astrophys. Journal Letter

La taille des hommes : son incidence sur la vie en couple et la carrière professionnelle.

La taille des hommes : son incidence sur la vie en couple et la carrière professionnelle Nicolas Herpin Résumé La vie en couple est moins fréquente parmi les hommes de petite taille. Cette situation n'est pas due à leur condition sociale. Bien que les ouvriers soient en moyenne plus petits que les cadres, les effets de la taille sur la mise en couple sont de même intensité dans ces deux milieux sociaux. La taille élevée est un atout économique pour l'homme. À diplôme constant, les hommes de taille élevée font une meilleure carrière professionnelle car leur sont confiées davantage de responsabilités d'encadrement. Au moment de la formation du couple, la taille n'est pas seulement prise en compte comme un indicateur avancé des ressources futures du foyer. Le choix des conjoints est influencé par une norme sociale, plus difficile à respecter par les hommes de petite taille : l'assortiment physique des couples

PERFORMATIVITAS IDENTITAS GENDER DAN SEKSUALITAS DALAM NOVEL IMARAH YAKUBIAN KARYA ALA AL-ASWANI

This study examines aspects of the performativity of gender identity and sexuality in the novel Imarah Yakubian by Alaa al-Awani. Through Judith Butler's theory of performativity, the author examines how the identity and gender sexuality performativity of the characters and how the attitude of the characters in the novel Imarah Yaqubian in responding to the dominance of heteronormativity.The results showed that Egyptian society which was dominated by heteronormativity ideology gave birth to the marginalization of homosexuals. Individuals who have 'deviant' gender and sexuality tendencies respond to compliance, negotiation, or resistance. Compliance in the novel IY was shown by Abduh by positioning and publicly showing himself as what was considered normal by the general public. The moderate-negotiate response was demonstrated by Hatim al-Rashid's figure by showing the things that were acceptable to the public in the public sphere and showing what he wanted in the private sphere

Validity of the Reflux Symptoms Index for post-pubescent female vocalists

The Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI), a nine-item self-rated questionnaire, has been suggested as a way of monitoring severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms during treatment. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the validity of the RSI as a way of identifying severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms as differentiated from gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms. Twenty-five post-pubescent female vocalists participated by completing a one-hour voice evaluation, including a Voice Handicap Index (VHI), an RSI, a Reflux Finding Score (RFS) completed with videostroboscopy for visualization of the laryngeal cavity, and analysis of an acoustic sample with the Multi-Dimensional Voice Profile for noise to harmonic ratio (NHR) and perceptual ratings of hoarseness and breathiness. The investigation placed each participant into one of three groups based upon symptoms reported in her case history form. In an effort to evaluate the validity of the RSI as a tool for differentiating LPR from GER and the absence of reflux, these scores were analyzed for correlations or group relationships. Predictions were that, if the RSI were an indicator of severity of LPR, the RSI raw score would correlate with type of symptoms, RFS raw score, NHR, and/or perceptions of hoarseness. Results failed to reveal statistically significant group differences; however, informal inspection of the data indicated that the RSI scores were generally higher for the GER group than the LPR and asymptomatic groups. Also, RSI scores correlated with VHI raw scores, as both were self-rated items, and the NHR values and the perceptual ratings of hoarseness correlated with the VHI raw scores