Éditorial. Variations autour de trajectoires scolaires

Die vorliegende Ausgabe [...] präsentiert sieben Varia-Artikel, die sich auf unterschiedliche Weise mit dem Thema Schullaufbahnen beschäftigen. Seit den soziologischen Arbeiten von Bourdieu und Passeron ist bekannt, dass die Schule als Institution die Ungleichheiten bezüglich Schulerfolg reproduziert und legitimiert. Die aktuellen Arbeiten zu diesem Thema haben eine vermehrt mikrosoziologische Ausrichtung genommen und beleuchten auch "paradoxe" Laufbahnen. [...] Ohne Absicht, ein ganzes Forschungsgebiet abzudecken, bietet diese Nummer einen Leseparcours, bei dem verschiedene Aspekte der Schullaufbahnen von der Vorschule bis zur Sekundarstufe II beleuchtet werden. Die Nummer ist entlang von drei Achsen strukturiert: (1) dem familiären Umfeld (siehe Stamm & Edelmann), (2) der Institution Schule, einerseits aus dem Blickwinkel der Lehrerhandlungen (siehe Oswald et al.; San Martin & Veyrunes; Lombard) und andererseits bezüglich Übertrittsverfahren (siehe Klapproth et al.) sowie (3) den Konzeptionen von Lehrpersonen und Studierenden der Lehrerbildung (siehe Boraita; Escalié & Chaliès). (DIPF/Orig.

Mapping Unoccupied Electronic States of Freestanding Graphene by Angle-Resolved Low-Energy Electron Transmission

We report angle-resolved electron transmission measurements through freestanding graphene sheets in the energy range of 18 to 30 eV above the Fermi level. The measurements are carried out in a low-energy electron point source microscope, which allows simultaneously probing the transmission for a large angular range. The characteristics of low-energy electron transmission through graphene depend on its electronic structure above the vacuum level. The experimental technique described here allows mapping the unoccupied band structure of freestanding two-dimensional materials as a function of energy and probing angle, respectively in-plane momentum. Our experimental findings are consistent with theoretical predictions of a resonance in the band structure of graphene above the vacuum level [V. U. Nazarov, E. E. Krasovskii, and V. M. Silkin, Physical Review B 87, 041405 (2013)]

Imaging the potential distribution of individual charged impurities on graphene by low-energy electron holography

While imaging individual atoms can routinely be achieved in high resolution transmission electron microscopy, visualizing the potential distribution of individually charged adsorbates leading to a phase shift of the probing electron wave is still a challenging task. Low-energy electrons (30 - 250 eV) are sensitive to localized potential gradients. We employed low-energy electron holography to acquire in-line holograms of individual charged impurities on free-standing graphene. By applying an iterative phase retrieval reconstruction routine we recover the potential distribution of the localized charged impurities present on free-standing graphene

Design and Implementation of a Micron-Sized Electron Column Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Milling

We have designed, fabricated and tested a micron-sized electron column with an overall length of about 700 microns comprising two electron lenses; a micro-lens with a minimal bore of 1 micron followed by a second lens with a bore of up to 50 microns in diameter to shape a coherent low-energy electron wave front. The design criteria follow the notion of scaling down source size, lens-dimensions and kinetic electron energy for minimizing spherical aberrations to ensure a parallel coherent electron wave front. All lens apertures have been milled employing a focused ion beam and could thus be precisely aligned within a tolerance of about 300 nm from the optical axis. Experimentally, the final column shapes a quasi-planar wave front with a minimal full divergence angle of 4 mrad and electron energies as low as 100 eV

Tasks and impact of school social work in Switzerland as perceived by teachers, principals and school social workers – a multilevel analysis

To investigate whether the perceptions of school-based professionals regarding the tasks and impact of school social work (SSW) converge or diverge, this study collected survey data among 638 teachers, 41 school social workers, 62 principals, and 23 special education teachers distributed over 92 Swiss schools. After constructing several scales measuring the tasks and the impact of SSW via principal factor analyses, ANOVA’s were carried out to compare the mean perceptions of the included professionals. To prove for related perceptions between teachers and school social workers multilevel analyses were performed by including additional exploratory variables such as school context and personal factors. Most results indicate considerable concordance between the professions included in the study regarding the tasks rated as important as well as with respect to the outcomes of school social work. While all professions agreed that social problem solving, i.e. the intervention approach, is the most important approach of school social work, some discordance was found with respect to preventive tasks such as project work. Overall, teachers and principals tended to underestimate the effects of school social work implying some potential to destabilize their collaboration with the school social workers. While the multi-level analyses revealed a high variability between schools due to local factors, the perceptions of the teachers and the school social workers located at the same schools proved to be independent over most investigated dimensions

Sprachliche Austauschaktivitäten und deren Auswirkungen auf interkulturelle Kompetenzen und Sprachlernmotivation: Executive Summary

Rapport de l’Institut pour l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (HEP Lucerne) financé par le Centre scientifique de compétence sur le plurilinguismeReport of the Institute of Teaching and Learning (University of Teacher Education Lucerne) funded by the Research Centre on MultilingualismBericht des Instituts für Lehren und Lernen (PH Luzern) finanziert aus Mitteln des Wissenschaftlichen Kompetenzzentrums für MehrsprachigkeitRapporto dell’Istituto per l’Insegnamento e l’Apprendimento (Alta Scuola Pedagogica di Lucerna) finanziato dal Centro scientifico di competenza per il plurilinguism

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Geosciences Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2025 - 2028 by the Swiss Geosciences Community

This roadmap is the product of a grassroots effort by the Swiss Geosciences community. It is the first of its kind, outlining an integrated approach to research facilities for the Swiss Geosciences. It spans the planning period 2025-2028. Swiss Geoscience is by its nature leading or highly in-volved in research on many of the major national and global challenges facing society such as climate change and meteorological extreme events, environmental pol-lution, mass movements (land- and rock-slides), earth-quakes and seismic hazards, global volcanic hazards, and energy and other natural resources. It is essential to under- stand the fundamentals of the whole Earth system to pro-vide scientific guidelines to politicians, stakeholders and society for these pressing issues. Here, we strive to gain efficiency and synergies through an integrative approach to the Earth sciences. The research activities of indivi- dual branches in geosciences were merged under the roof of the 'Integrated Swiss Geosciences'. The goal is to facilitate multidisciplinary synergies and to bundle efforts for large research infrastructural (RI) requirements, which will re-sult in better use of resources by merging sectorial acti- vities under four pillars. These pillars represent the four key RIs to be developed in a synergistic way to improve our understanding of whole-system processes and me- chanisms governing the geospheres and the interactions among their components. At the same time, the roadmap provides for the required transition to an infrastructure adhering to FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles by 2028.The geosciences as a whole do not primarily profit from a single large-scale research infrastructure investment, but they see their highest scientific potential for ground-break-ing new findings in joining forces in establishing state-of-the-art RI by bringing together diverse expertise for the benefit of the entire geosciences community. Hence, the recommendation of the geoscientific community to policy makers is to establish an integrative RI to support the ne- cessary breadth of geosciences in their endeavor to ad-dress the Earth system across the breadth of both temporal and spatial scales. It is also imperative to include suffi-cient and adequately qualified personnel in all large RIs. This is best achieved by fostering centers of excellence in atmospheric, environmental, surface processes, and deep Earth projects, under the roof of the 'Integrated Swiss Geosciences'. This will provide support to Swiss geo-sciences to maintain their long standing and internatio- nally well-recognized tradition of observation, monitor-ing, modelling and understanding of geosciences process-es in mountainous environments such as the Alps and beyond

Editorial. Kompetenz und Performanz in der Bildungsforschung

Die Einführung gibt einen Überblick über die Beiträge des Heftes zum Thema "Kompetenz und Performanz in der Bildungsforschung". (DIPF/Orig.

Editorial. Compétences et performances en éducation

Die Einführung gibt einen Überblick über die Beiträge des Heftes zum Thema "Kompetenz und Performanz in der Bildungsforschung". (DIPF/Orig.