6 research outputs found
Girls and Boys Born before 28Â Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10Â Years
To compare the prevalence of cognitive, neurological, and behavioral outcomes at 10 years of age in 428 girls and 446 boys who were born extremely preterm (EP)
The Relationship of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Weight Gain to Neurocognitive Function at Age 10 Years among Children Born Extremely Preterm
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and adequacy of pregnancy weight gain in relation to neurocognitive function in school-aged children born extremely preterm.
STUDY DESIGN: Study participants were 535 ten-year-old children enrolled previously in the prospective multicenter Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns cohort study who were products of singleton pregnancies. Soon after delivery, mothers provided information about prepregnancy weight. Prepregnancy body mass index and adequacy of weight gain were characterized based on this information. Children underwent a neurocognitive evaluation at 10 years of age.
RESULTS: Maternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with increased odds of a lower score for Differential Ability Scales-II Verbal IQ, for Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment-II measures of processing speed and visual fine motor control, and for Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-III Spelling. Children born to mothers who gained an excessive amount of weight were at increased odds of a low score on the Oral and Written Language Scales Oral Expression assessment. Conversely, children whose mother did not gain an adequate amount of weight were at increased odds of a lower score on the Oral and Written Language Scales Oral Expression and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-III Word Reading assessments.
CONCLUSION: In this cohort of infants born extremely preterm, maternal obesity was associated with poorer performance on some assessments of neurocognitive function. Our findings are consistent with the observational and experimental literature and suggest that opportunities may exist to mitigate risk through education and behavioral intervention before pregnancy
Extremely low gestational age and very low birthweight for gestational age are risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in a large cohort study of 10-year-old children born at 23-27 weeks’ gestation
No prospective cohort study of high-risk children has used rigorous exposure assessment and optimal diagnostic procedures to examine the perinatal antecedents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), separately among those with and without cognitive impairment
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Executive functioning : a way to differentiate ADHD/C from ADHD/PI
textADHD is a childhood onset disorder with the cardinal features of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Research has verified the validity of two subtypes of ADHD, Inattentive type (ADHD/PI) and Combined type (ADHD/C), which have unique differences in behavioral, emotional, and social impairment. The question remains, however, as to whether the ADHD subtypes actually represent two separate and distinct disorders. Results from studies examining executive functioning ability in ADHD have provided inconsistent and confusing results; however, several studies have shown poorer performance on certain measures of executive function for children with ADHD. Additional research on ADHD suggests that ADHD/PI and ADHD/C may have specific executive functioning deficits. The majority of previous research exploring the executive functioning deficits of ADHD has focused on ADHD/C or has neglected to differentiate between the subtypes, resulting in limited or inconsistent findings. Thus, the exact relationship between executive functioning and the ADHD subtypes is understudied and unclear. This study attempted to identify the differential patterns in the executive functioning of children with ADHD by subtype. Using executive functioning tasks of inhibition, planning, and working memory, this study sought to determine whether children with ADHD/C and ADHD/PI displayed unique patterns of executive functioning. Participants included 60 children aged 8-15 years who were classified into three groups: ADHD/C, ADHD/PI, and control. Results from this study revealed significantly poorer performance by the ADHD subtypes on a task of inhibition. Although analyses using the remaining tasks indicated subtype differences on planning, working memory, and inhibition/ cognitive flexibility tasks, these results were not statistically significant. Results are consistent with previous research which has also detected performance differences by the ADHD subtypes on executive functioning tasks; however, not at the clinically significant level. Analyses examining symptom severity indicated a relation between inattentive symptoms and executive functioning performance. Thus, further exploration into executive functioning within the ADHD subtypes is needed for the clarification of the neuropsychological similarities and differences of these two ADHD subtypes. Such research could assist in the establishment of effective interventions and assessment tools to aid in the earlier and more accurate identification of children with ADHD.Educational Psycholog
Extremely low gestational age and very low birthweight for gestational age are risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in a large cohort study of 10-year-old children born at 23-27 weeks’ gestation
No prospective cohort study of high-risk children has used rigorous exposure assessment and optimal diagnostic procedures to examine the perinatal antecedents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), separately among those with and without cognitive impairment