Closed-Form transformation between geodetic and ellipsoidal coordinates

We present formulas for direct closed-form transformation between geodetic coordinates(Φ, λ, h) and ellipsoidal coordinates (β, λ, u) for any oblate ellipsoid of revolution.These will be useful for those dealing with ellipsoidal representations of the Earth's gravityfield or other oblate ellipsoidal figures. The numerical stability of the transformations for nearpolarand near-equatorial regions is also considered

Predictable Variations of the Carbon Sinks and Atmospheric CO₂ Growth in a Multi‐Model Framework

International audienceInter‐annual to decadal variability in the strength of the land and ocean carbon sinks impede accurate predictions of year‐to‐year atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) growth rate. Such information is crucial to verify the effectiveness of fossil fuel emissions reduction measures. Using a multi‐model framework comprising prediction systems initialized by the observed state of the physical climate, we find a predictive skill for the global ocean carbon sink of up to 6 years for some models. Longer regional predictability horizons are found across single models. On land, a predictive skill of up to 2 years is primarily maintained in the tropics and extra‐tropics enabled by the initialization of the physical climate. We further show that anomalies of atmospheric CO2 growth rate inferred from natural variations of the land and ocean carbon sinks are predictable at lead time of 2 years and the skill is limited by the land carbon sink predictability horizon

Multiplicity dependence of mean transverse momentum in e+ e- annihilations at LEP energies

A strong increase of the mean transverse momentum 〈pt〉 with the number of charged particles nch is observed in e+e- annihilations into hadrons at LEP energies. The effect resembles correlations observed in hadron-hadron interactions. In e+e- annihilations the 〈pt〉 and nch correlations can be accounted for by gluon radiation.0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe