Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals

HIV-1 infected patients who acquire HCV infection have higher rates of chronicity and liver disease progression than patients with HCV mono-infection. Understanding early events in this pathogenic process is important. We applied single genome sequencing of the E1 to NS3 regions and viral pseudotype neutralization assays to explore the consequences of viral quasispecies evolution from pre-seroconversion to chronicity in four co-infected individuals (mean follow up 566 days). We observed that one to three founder viruses were transmitted. Relatively low viral sequence diversity, possibly related to an impaired immune response, due to HIV infection was observed in three patients. However, the fourth patient, after an early purifying selection displayed increasing E2 sequence evolution, possibly related to being on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Viral pseudotypes generated from HCV variants showed relative resistance to neutralization by autologous plasma but not to plasma collected from later time points, confirming ongoing virus escape from antibody neutralization

Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels

Sravnenie ehffektivnosti trjokh metodov soprjazhenija peroksidazy s immunoglobulinami primenjaemymi v teste Elisa

Sprawdzono przydatność trzech metod sprzęgania γ-globulin z peroksydazą dla uzyskania koniugatów do wykrywania wirusa plamistości bobiku (BBSV) testem ELISA. Wszystkie metody nadają się do tego celu. Każda z nich ma określone zalety i wady omówione w pracy. Do sprzęgania celem uzyskania koniugatów do masowych testów najkorzystniejsza okazała się metoda nadjodanowa. Oceniano przydatność peroksydazy z chrzanu produkcji krajowej do wykrywania·testem ELISA, podkreślając wynikłe stąd korzyści ekonomiczne.Проверена была пригодность трёх методов сопряжения γ-глобулинов с пѳроксидазой с целью получения конъюгатов для выявления вируса пятнистости конских бобов (BBSV) тестом ELISA. Все эти три метода пригодны для этой цели. Каждый из них обладает своими определёнными достоинствами и недостатками, которые представлены в работе. Для сопражѳния с целью получения конъюгатов в массовых тестах наиболее полезным оказался метод иоднокислый. Подвергалась оценке пригодность пероксидазы ив хрена отечественного производства, которая применялась для выявления вирусов тестом ELISA учитывая вытекающую отсюда экономическую выгоду

Microvascularisation of the scrotal integument of Holstein-Friesian bulls

Based on standard histological methods and specific injection technique, the study demonstrates for the first time the blood vessel system of the scrotal integument.The latter is relatively thin and shows a thick underlying fascia, the tunica dartos. The vessel networks found in both structures are somewhat different from eachother, i.e., the former displays the typical integumental vessel scheme, which, because of its thinness, shows a higher vessel density. The tunica dartos displayeda blood vessel system with specific characteristics, i.e. horizontal networks arepresent, which are on the one hand directly connected to the rete dermidis andon the other hand, with the ascending (arteries) or descending (venes) vesselsof the dartos, so that a rather uniform distribution and nutrition of the latter, including its muscle layers, is assured.The findings support the idea that the functions of the scrotal integument and thedartos are based on a dependable energy supply, but with regard to vessel type, particularly arteries, may also be involved in the regulation of blood flow. Thus, the scrotal integument as well as the dartos can be used for thermoregulation

Occurrence and identification of viruses affecting lettuce in Poland. III. Lettuce mosaic potyvirus [LMV], cucumber mosaic cucumovirus [CMV], tomato mosaic tobamovirus [ToMV] and lettuce big vein varicosavirus [LBVV]

Diagnostic studies were performed on 4 viruses isolated from several lettuce plantations in the central region of Poland. Identification was based on the host range, including tests plants and different lettuce cultivars, on the characteristics of virus transmissibility, as well as on their physico-chemical properties, electron microscopy and serology.Przeprowadzono badania diagnostyczne nad 4 wirusami wyizolowanymi z kilkunastu upraw sałaty, obserwowanych w środkowym regionie Polski. Identyfikację oparto na badaniach: sposobu przenoszenia się wirusów i zakresu roślin gospodarzy, w tym inokulowaniu roślin testowych oraz różnych odmian sałaty; na ustalaniu cech fizyko-chemicznych wirusów, a także na badaniach elektronomikroskopowych i serologicznych

Wystepowanie i identyfikacja wirusow porazajacych salate w Polsce. III. Wirus mozaiki salaty [Lettuce Mosaic Potyvirus], wirus mozaiki ogorka [Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus], wirus mozaiki pomidora...

Diagnostic studies were performed on 4 viruses isolated from several lettuce plantations in the central region of Poland. Identification was based on the host range, including tests plants and different lettuce cultivars, on the characteristics of virus transmissibility, as well as on their physico-chemical properties, electron microscopy and serology.Przeprowadzono badania diagnostyczne nad 4 wirusami wyizolowanymi z kilkunastu upraw sałaty, obserwowanych w środkowym regionie Polski. Identyfikację oparto na badaniach: sposobu przenoszenia się wirusów i zakresu roślin gospodarzy, w tym inokulowaniu roślin testowych oraz różnych odmian sałaty; na ustalaniu cech fizyko-chemicznych wirusów, a także na badaniach elektronomikroskopowych i serologicznych