Strategic Directions for Increasing the Share of Renewable Energy Sources in the Structure of Energy Consumption

In recent decades, the European energy sector is transforming due to the growing demand for electricity and increased requirements for ensuring the continuity of supply. In the European Union, almost 50% of energy consumption is provided through energy imports. One of the main conditions for the continuity of supply is the diversification of their sources, considered as an important prerequisite for energy security. The EU government has serious hopes for the development of alternative energy and believes that in the future "green" energy will play a significant role in the structure of energy consumption. The object of this study is renewable energy sources. The subject of the research is the problems of increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of energy consumption. Keywords: electric power industry, alternative energy, the electricity consumers. JEL Classifications: K32, O13, P4

Eastern Vector of Russian State Policy Development for Ensuring Energy Security

This article is dedicated to the current problem of forming the Eastern vector of oil and gas policy within new energy policy and modern circumstances. The main goal of the work is to study the energy relations between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, namely China. Using the analysis method, authors have highlighted the threats and possibilities of the influence of the current situation in the fuel and energy complex on Russia's energy security. Analysis of the existing situation on the global energy market has revealed that deepening and expansion of partnerships in economic and energy sphere with China are of interest to Russia as a Eurasian state. The basis for a partnership is a cooperation, based on China's demand for natural resources, while Russia will benefit from using effective innovation models of modernisation. Keywords: Asia-Pacific Region, Energy Sphere, Oil and Gas Policy, Raw Material Resource Potential, Energy Security, Energy Dialogue. JEL Classifications: P48, Q40

Heavy-quarkonium creation and annihilation with O(alpha_s^3 ln(alpha_s)) accuracy

We calculate the O(alpha_s^3 ln(alpha_s)) contributions to the heavy-quarkonium production and annihilation rates. Our result sheds new light on the structure of the high-order perturbative corrections and opens a new perspective for a high-precision theoretical analysis. We also determine the three-loop anomalous dimensions of the nonrelativistic vector and pseudoscalar currents.Comment: 10 pages (Latex). Eq. (6) corrected, conclusions unchange

Multiskyrmions and baryonic bags

Analytical treatment of skyrmions given by rational map (RM) ansaetze proposed recently for the Skyrme model is extended to the model including the 6-th order term in chiral fields derivatives in the lagrangian (the SK6 variant of the model) and used for calculation of different properties of multiskyrmions. For special class of profile functions approximating the true profile and the domain wall behaviour at the same time, the masses and other static properties of multiskyrmions are expressed in terms of the Euler-type integrals. An upper bound is obtained for the masses of RM multiskyrmions which is close to the calculated masses, especially at large B. The gap between rigorous upper bound and lower bound, obtained for the SK6 model as well, for large B multiskyrmions is less than 9%, in comparison with about 4% for the SK4 (Skyrme) variant. The basic properties of such bubbles of matter are investigated, some of them, e.g. the thickness of the bubbles envelope, being of universal character, i.e. they do not depend on baryon number of configuration, or reveal a simple and natural dependence. The dependence of these properties on the number of flavours is absent or very weak in both models. Qualitatively, the properties of the baryonic bags are the same for the SK6 and SK4 variants of the model, although differ in some details.Comment: 16 pages, no figure

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as a Driver of Innovative Development of the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

The urgency of the studied problem is caused by the fact that international sanctions led to a number of bans in the oil and gas industry, and there is the necessity to create the role of small and medium-sized innovative enterprises. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the positive and negative aspects of these enterprises, as well as their significance in the development of the oil and gas service segment. Keywords: fuel and energy complex, innovative enterprises, international sanctions, import substitution, territorial clusters JEL Classifications: O13, P18, M2

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Photoelectrochemical cells based on photosynthetic systems: a review

Photosynthesis is a process which converts light energy into energy contained in the chemical bonds of organic compounds by photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl a, b, c, d, f) or bacteriochlorophyll. It occurs in phototrophic organisms, which include higher plants and many types of photosynthetic bacteria, including cyanobacteria. In the case of the oxygenic photosynthesis, water is a donor of both electrons and protons, and solar radiation serves as inexhaustible source of energy. Efficiency of energy conversion in the primary processes of photosynthesis is close to 100%. Therefore, for many years photosynthesis has attracted the attention of researchers and designers looking for alternative energy systems as one of the most efficient and eco-friendly pathways of energy conversion. The latest advances in the design of optimal solar cells include the creation of converters based on thylakoid membranes, photosystems, and whole cells of cyanobacteria immobilized on nanostructured electrode (gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2). The mode of solar energy conversion in photosynthesis has a great potential as a source of renewable energy while it is sustainable and environmentally safety as well. Application of pigments such as Chl f and Chl d (unlike Chl a and Chl b), by absorbing the far red and near infrared region of the spectrum (in the range 700-750 nm), will allow to increase the efficiency of such light transforming systems. This review article presents the last achievements in the field of energy photoconverters based on photosynthetic systems