Qualidade das operações de preparo reduzido do solo e transplantio mecanizado de mudas de café

Soil tillage done with quality and conservation techniques are essential for the development of the coffee crop, as well as mechanized transplanting seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational quality of mechanized sets for the reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings through quality indicators, using statistical process control. This study was carried out in the municipality of Matão – SP, Brazil. Operational and quality assessment were reflected in a sampling grid of 48 points spaced at 7.0 mx 20.0 m, and evaluated the operation of reduced soil tillage and transplanting seedlings by means of speed, slippage and alignment error of machinery. All variables showed asymmetric probability distribution and proved unstable as to statistical process control. The quality of operations of reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings proved all committed to quality indicators, due to the instability detected by statistical process control. The operation reduced soil tillage and mechanized transplanting of coffee seedlings skating show values below the ideal.O preparo do solo realizado com qualidade e de maneira conservacionista é essencial para o desenvolvimento da cultura do cafeeiro, bem como para o transplantio mecanizado das mudas. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade operacional dos conjuntos mecanizados de preparo reduzido do solo e transplantio de mudas de café, por meio de indicadores de qualidade, utilizando-se o controle estatístico de processo. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de Matão – SP, e a avaliação da qualidade operacional foi materializada em uma grade amostral de 48 pontos espaçados em 7,0 m x 20,0 m, sendo avaliada a operação de preparo reduzido do solo e o transplantio de mudas, por meio da velocidade de deslocamento, patinagem e erro de alinhamento dos conjuntos mecanizados. Todas as variáveis apresentaram distribuição de probabilidade assimétrica e mostraram-se instáveis quanto ao controle estatístico de processo. A qualidade das operações de preparo reduzido do solo e de transplantio mecanizado de mudas de café esteve comprometida para todos os indicadores de qualidade, devido à instabilidade detectada pelo controle estatístico de processo. A operação de preparo reduzido do solo e transplantio mecanizado de mudas de café apresentam valores de patinagem abaixo do ideal

Indicadores de qualidade para sistemas de preparo do solo no transplantio de citros

The soil preparation for citrus seedlings planting can affect the longevity, yield, plant health and the quality of the mechanized operations, which must be performed to ensure the future crop management. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the quality indexes of soil tillage systems during citrus transplanting, through the performance of the operation and the study of times and movements of the mechanized sets. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Matão - São Paulo, Brazil, in a completely randomized design, with two systems for mechanized soil preparation (conventional and conjugate) to transplant the citrus, with 66 replicates for each treatment. Were evaluated as indicators of quality the wheels slip of the tractor, speed of the mechanized sets, the accuracy of the GPS receiver and a study of time and motion operations, to perform the calculation of the efficiency of the tillage operations of tillage was carried out. All quality indexes for the mechanized sets were unstable, which negatively affects the operations quality. The conjugated tilled system and the liming presented the lowest and the highest speed of the tractor-equipment when compared to others, respectively.O preparo do solo para o transplantio das mudas de citros afeta a longevidade, a produtividade, os aspectos fitossanitários e também a qualidade das operações mecanizadas que deverão ser executadas para garantir o futuro manejo da cultura. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os indicadores de qualidade dos sistemas de preparo do solo para o transplantio de citros, por meio do desempenho da operação e do estudo de tempos e movimentos dos conjuntos mecanizados. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Matão – São Paulo, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo avaliados dois sistemas mecanizados para o preparo do solo (convencional e conjugado) para o transplantio de mudas de citros, com 66 repetições para cada tratamento. Foram avaliados como indicadores de qualidade a patinagem dos rodados do trator, velocidade dos conjuntos mecanizados e, por fim, a acurácia do receptor GPS. Também foi realizado um estudo de tempos e movimentos das operações, para efetuar o cálculo da eficiência das operações de preparo do solo. Todos os indicadores de qualidade dos conjuntos mecanizados apresentam-se instáveis, influenciando negativamente a qualidade das operações. O sistema de preparo do solo conjugado e a operação de calagem apresentam a menor e a maior velocidade do conjunto trator-equipamento em relação às demais, respectivamente

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Medidas antropométricas e eficiência na colheita manual de citros

A seleção de frutos é de grande importância na colheita de citros e possui influência direta no valor final do produto colhido. No Brasil, a colheita mecanizada e semimecanizada de citros ainda são incipientes, sendo o método de colheita manual o mais utilizado, apesar de ser trabalhoso e de apresentar alto custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as possíveis correlações entre as medidas antropométricas de colhedores de citros e o tempo de colheita dos frutos nos diferentes terços das plantas. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Cambuhy Agrícola LTDA, em Matão, SP. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 9x3, com quatro repetições. Os atributos antropométricos avaliados foram a altura do corpo, alcance da mão, alcance do braço e distância pé-patela. Foram adotados como tratamentos nove colhedores e três terços das plantas de laranja (terço inferior, médio e superior). As medidas antropométricas apresentaram correlação com os tempos de colheita para os terços médio e superior com a distância pé-patela e para o terço superior com a altura do corpo. O menor tempo de colheita foi observado para os frutos posicionados no terço médio da planta, enquanto que os tempos necessários para colher os terços inferior e superior foram semelhantes. O tempo gasto pelos colhedores do sexo masculino para colher o terço superior apresentou menor variação e foram menores que o tempo de colheita realizado pelas colhedoras

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts