Misogyny and the construction of toxic masculinity in the Spanish Manosphere (Burbuja.info)

The anonymity of the Manosphere has provided a fertile breeding ground for the spread of misogyny through increased hate speech on the Internet. In recent years, this virtual space composed mostly of men, has been the subject of numerous studies aimed at identifying the discursive mechanisms of identity constructions that underlie the denigration of women. This paper takes the findings from international research on the subject to address a phenomenon still little explored in Spain through the analysis of misogynistic comments on Burbuja.info. Economic forum. The analysis sample comprises 4,281 messages that include the lexeme "woman" posted over 2.5 years, 761 of which contain expressions that ridicule, disparage, or insult women. Thematic analysis demonstrates the repetition of misogynistic topics and tropes common in the most radical Reddit and 4chan subforums, such as hypergamy, objectification, and the constant disparagement of the world of women, not to mention criticism of feminism, left-wing political parties, and legislation on gender violence. The results obtained show that the "male identity crisis" is narratively constructed in the messages on Burbuja.info using the motif of sacrifice -the cornerstone of a monotypic story in which the purpose of the hero-man-victim's journey is to punish the villain-woman. Furthermore, we also found that there are different configurations of identity related to attitudes toward women; these match up with the four most prominent masculinist subcultures identified in the leading literature on the subject: Men Rights activists (MRA), Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW), Pickup Artists (PUA), and Involuntary Celibates (Incels).El incremento de los discursos de odio en internet encuentra en la anonimia de la Manosfera el terreno abonado donde diseminar la misoginia. En los últimos años, este espacio virtual integrado en su mayor parte por hombres, está siendo objeto de numerosos estudios dirigidos a identificar los mecanismos discursivos de las construcciones identitarias que subyacen a la denostación de las mujeres. Este trabajo asume los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones internacio-nales sobre el tema con la finalidad de afrontar un fenómeno todavía muy poco explorado en España, a través del análi-sis de los comentarios misóginos de Burbuja.info, foro de economía. La muestra de análisis comprende los 4.281 mensa-jes que incluyen el lexema "mujer" publicados a lo largo de dos años y medio, en 761 de los cuales figuran expresiones que ridiculizan, minusvaloran o injurian a las mujeres. El análisis temático evidencia la reiteración de los tópicos y de los tropos de la misoginia habituales en los subforos de Reddit y 4chan más radicales, como la hipergamia, la cosificación y la constante minusvaloración del universo femenino, a los que cabe añadir la crítica al feminismo, a los partidos políticos de izquierda y a la legislación sobre violencia de género. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la "crisis de la identidad masculina" se construye narrativamente en los mensajes de Burbuja.info mediante el motivo del sacrificio, piedra angular de un relato monotípico en el que el viaje del héroe-hombre-víctima tiene como finalidad castigar al villa-no-mujer. Se constata asimismo la existencia de diferentes configuraciones identitarias derivadas de la actitud hacia las mujeres, asimilables a las cuatro subculturas masculinistas más relevantes identificadas en la bibliografía de referencia sobre el tema: Men Rights Activists (MRA); Men Going Their Own Way (MGTOW); Pick up Artists (PUA) e Involuntary Celibates (Incels)

Hierarchical mesoporous NanoMUV-2 for the selective delivery of macromolecular drugs

Although Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have received attention as drug delivery systems, their application in the delivery of macromolecules is limited by their pore size and opening. Herein, we present the synthesis of nanostructured MUV-2, a hierarchical mesoporous iron-based MOF that can store high payloads of the macromolecular drug paclitaxel (ca. 23% w/w), increasing its selectivity towards HeLa cancer cells over HEK non-cancerous cells. Moreover, this NanoMUV-2 permits full degradation under simulated physiological conditions while maintaining biocompatibility, and is amenable to specific surface modifications that increase its cell permeation, efficient cytosol delivery and cancer-targeting effect, further intensifying the cancer selectivity of paclitaxel

Influence of interpenetration on the flexibility of MUV-2

The crystal structure of an interpenetrated tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) is reported. This MOF, denoted as MUV-2-i, is the interpenetrated analogue of the hierarchical and flexible MUV-2. Interestingly, the large flexibility exhibited by MUV-2 upon polar solvent adsorption is considerably reduced in the interpenetrated form which can be explained by short S⋯S interactions between adjacent TTF-based ligands ensuring more rigidity in the framework. In addition, the porosity of MUV-2-i is significantly decreased in comparison to that of MUV-2 as shown by the reduced free volume in the crystal structure

Semiconductor Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks Based on Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives

Herein, we report on the use of tetrathiavulvalene-tetrabenzoic acid, H4TTFTB, to engender semiconductivity in porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). By tuning the synthetic conditions, three different polymorphs have been obtained, denoted MUV-20a, MUV-20b, and MUV-21, all of them presenting open structures (22, 15, and 27%, respectively) and suitable TTF stacking for efficient orbital overlap. Whereas MUV-21 collapses during the activation process, MUV-20a and MUV-20b offer high stability evacuation, with a CO2 sorption capacity of 1.91 and 1.71 mmol g-1, respectively, at 10 °C and 6 bar. Interestingly, both MUV-20a and MUV-20b present a zwitterionic character with a positively charged TTF core and a negatively charged carboxylate group. First-principles calculations predict the emergence of remarkable charge transport by means of a through-space hopping mechanism fostered by an efficient TTF π-π stacking and the spontaneous formation of persistent charge carriers in the form of radical TTF¿+ units. Transport measurements confirm the efficient charge transport in zwitterionic MUV-20a and MUV-20b with no need for postsynthetic treatment (e.g., electrochemical oxidation or doping), demonstrating the semiconductor nature of these HOFs with record experimental conductivities of 6.07 × 10-7 (MUV-20a) and 1.35 × 10-6 S cm-1 (MUV-20b)

Coercive and anisotropy fields in patterned amorphous FeSi submicrometric structures

Amorphous FexSi12x films have been prepared on Si substrates in order to fabricate submicrometric magnetic structures with soft magnetic behavior. The magnetic properties compositional dependence of the unpatterned samples has been analyzed to select the Fe content (x50.7) with the lowest coercive and anisotropy fields values. Arrays of Fe0.7Si0.3 lines have been fabricated by electron beam lithography combined with a liftoff technique, with typical dimensions of 200 nm linewidth and 1 mm line spacing. These arrays present coercive fields parallel to the line direction as small as 9 Oe.Peer reviewe

GAME (Gamificación y Aplicaciones Móviles aplicados a la Educación): Los dispositivos móviles como herramientas para el aprendizaje en la universidad

Memoria ID-0077. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017.El grupo de trabajo que ha participado en este proyecto de investigación es un grupo multidisciplinar, en el que se han reunido expertos de diferentes áreas relacionadas con la filología, la pedagogía y las nuevas tecnologías, tanto de la Universidad de Salamanca como de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) y de la Universidad Jaume I de Castelló

Therapeutic targeting of HER2–CB2R heteromers in HER2-positive breast cancer

There is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the overexpression of the oncogene HER2. Although most patients with this diagnosis benefit from HER2-targeted treatments, some do not respond to these therapies and others develop resistance with time. New tools are therefore warranted for the treatment of this patient population, and for early identification of those individuals at a higher risk of developing innate or acquired resistance to current treatments. Here, we show that HER2 forms heteromer complexes with the cannabinoid receptor CB2R, the expression of these structures correlates with poor patient prognosis, and their disruption promotes antitumor responses. Collectively, our results support HER2–CB2R heteromers as new therapeutic targets and prognostic tools in HER2+ breast cancer

Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Background: Prognostic factors of poor outcome in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 are poorly defned. Patients and methods: This was a Spanish transplant group and cell therapy (GETH) multicenter retrospective observational study, which included a large cohort of blood cancer patients with laboratory-confrmed SARS-CoV-2 infection through PCR assays from March 1st 2020 to May 15th 2020. Results: We included 367 pediatric and adult patients with hematological malignancies, including recipients of autologous (ASCT) (n=58) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) (n=65) from 41 hospitals in Spain. Median age of patients was 64 years (range 1-93.8). Recipients of ASCT and allo-SCT showed lower mortality rates (17% and 18%, respectively) compared to non-SCT patients (31%) (p=0.02). Prognostic factors identifed for day 45 overall mortality (OM) by logistic regression multivariate analysis included age>70 years [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% con‑ fdence interval (CI) 1.2-3.8, p=0.011]; uncontrolled hematological malignancy (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.2, p20 mg/dL (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4, p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis of 216 patients with very severe COVID-19, treatment with azithromycin or low dose corticosteroids was associated with lower OM (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.2-0.89 and OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.87, respectively, p=0.02) whereas the use of hidroxycloroquine did not show signifcant improvement in OM (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37-1.1, P=0.1). Conclusions: In most patients with hematological malignancies COVID-19 mortality was directly driven by older age, disease status, performance status, as well as by immune (neutropenia) parameters and level of infammation (high CRP). Use of azithromycin and low dose corticosteroids may be of value in very severe COVID-19

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Short-term changes in klotho and FGF23 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction—a substudy of the DAPA-VO2 study

The klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) pathway is implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. This substudy aimed to assess the changes in klotho and FGF-23 levels 1-month after dapagliflozin in patients with stable heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study included 29 patients (32.2% of the total), with 14 assigned to the placebo group and 15 to the dapagliflozin, as part of the double-blind, randomized clinical trial [DAPA-VO2 (NCT04197635)]. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 30 days, and Klotho and FGF-23 levels were measured using ELISA Kits. Between-treatment changes (raw data) were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test and expressed as median (p25%–p75%). Linear regression models were utilized to analyze changes in the logarithm (log) of klotho and FGF-23. The median age was 68.3 years (60.8–72.1), with 79.3% male and 81.5% classified as NYHA II. The baseline medians of left ventricular ejection fraction, glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP, klotho, and FGF-23 were 35.8% (30.5–37.8), 67.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (50.7–82.8), 1,285 pg/ml (898–2,305), 623.4 pg/ml (533.5–736.6), and 72.6 RU/ml (62.6–96.1), respectively. The baseline mean peak oxygen uptake was 13.1 ± 4.0 ml/kg/min. Compared to placebo, patients on dapagliflozin showed a significant median increase of klotho [Δ+29.5, (12.9–37.2); p = 0.009] and a non-significant decrease of FGF-23 [Δ−4.6, (−1.7 to −5.4); p = 0.051]. A significant increase in log-klotho (p = 0.011) and a decrease in log-FGF-23 (p = 0.040) were found in the inferential analysis. In conclusion, in patients with stable HFrEF, dapagliflozin led to a short-term increase in klotho and a decrease in FGF-23