Exposição à teratógenos e anormalidades oculares congênitas em pacientes brasileiros portadores da sequência de Möbius

Purpose: To assess the sociodemographic profiles, teratogen exposures, and ocular congenital abnormalities in Brazilian patients with Möbius sequence. Method: Forty-four patients were recruited from the Brazilian Möbius Sequence Society. This cross-section comprised 41 patients (age, mean ± standard deviation, 9.0 ± 5.5 years) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The parent or caregiver answered a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic data and pregnancy history. Patients underwent ophthalmological assessments. They were subdivided into groups according to misoprostol exposure during pregnancy, and the two groups were compared. Results: Mothers/caregivers reported unplanned pregnancies in 36 (88%) cases. Of these, 19 (53%) used misoprostol during their first trimesters. A stable marital status tended to be more frequent in the unexposed group (P=0.051). Incomplete elementary school education was reported by two (11%) mothers in the exposed group and by three (14%) mothers in the unexposed group (P=0.538). The mothers' gestational exposures to cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, and cigarettes were similar in both groups (P=0.297, P=0.297, P=0.428, and P=0.444, respectively). One (5%) case of Rubella infection during pregnancy was found in the unexposed group. The main malformations in the exposed and unexposed groups were the following: strabismus (72% and 77%, respectively), lack of emotional tearing (47% and 36%, respectively), and lagophthalmos (32% and 41%, respectively). Conclusion: Stable marital statuses tended to be more frequent among mothers that did not take misoprostol during pregnancy. Exposures to other teratogens and the main ocular abnormalities were similar in both groups.Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sóciodemográfico, exposição à teratógenos e anormalidades oculares congênitas em pacientes brasileiros portadores da sequência de Möbiu Método: Quarenta e quatro pacientes recrutados da Sociedade Brasileira de Sequência de Möbius foram examinados. Este estudo transversal incluiu 41 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão do estudo (média das idades: 9,0 ± 5,5 anos). Mãe/responsável dos pacientes responderam a um questionário sobre perfil sóciodemográfico e história gestacional. Foi realizado exame oftalmológico de todos os pacientes. Eles foram agrupados em dois grupos de acordo com a exposição ao misoprostol durante a gestação e seus dados foram comparados. Resultados: Mães/responsáveis referiram gravidez indesejada em 36 (88%) dos casos. Destas, 19 (53%) fizeram uso de misoprostol no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Houve uma tendência do grupo de mães não expostas ao misoprostol de terem um estado civil estável (P=0,051). Duas (11%) mães do grupo de expostas ao misoprostol relataram primeiro grau incompleto e três (14%) do grupo de não expostas (P=0,538). A exposição das mães à cocaína, maconha, álcool e cigarro foi similar em ambos os grupos (P=0,297, P=0,297, P=0,428, P=0,444, respectivamente). Houve um caso (5%) de Rubéola no grupo de mães não expostas. As principais malformações associadas nos pacientes expostos e não expostos foram, respectivamente: estrabismo (72% e 77%), e diminuição da lágrima emocional (47% e 36%) e lagoftalmia (32% and 41%). Conclusão: Estado civil estável foi mais frequente em mães que não fizeram uso de misoprostol durante a gestação. Exposição à outros teratógenos e malformações oculares tiveram distribuição semelhante em ambos os grupos.Fundação Altino Ventura Department of OphthalmologyHospital de Olhos de Pernambuco Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Illinois Department of Ophthalmology & Visual ScienceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of OphthalmologyAssociação de Assistência à Criança DeficienteSanta Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Department of OphthalmologyUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departments of Neurology and PediatricsUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Department of BiologyUniversidade de São Paulo Department of OphthalmologyUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Department of Pediatric SurgeryUniversidade de São Paulo Department of PsychiatryServices Group in Epileptic Child PsychiatryInstituto Cema Department of OphthalmologyUNIFESP, Department of OphthalmologySciEL

Zika-related adverse outcomes in a cohort of pregnant women with rash in Pernambuco, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: While Zika virus (ZIKV) is now widely recognized as a teratogen, the frequency and full spectrum of adverse outcomes of congenital ZIKV infection remains incompletely understood. METHODS: Participants in the MERG cohort of pregnant women with rash, recruited from the surveillance system from December/2015-June/2017. Exposure definition was based on a combination of longitudinal data from molecular, serologic (IgM and IgG3) and plaque reduction neutralization tests for ZIKV. Children were evaluated by a team of clinical specialists and by transfontanelle ultrasound and were classified as having microcephaly and/or other signs/symptoms consistent with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Risks of adverse outcomes were quantified according to the relative evidence of a ZIKV infection in pregnancy. FINDINGS: 376 women had confirmed and suspected exposure to ZIKV. Among evaluable children born to these mothers, 20% presented with an adverse outcome compatible with exposure to ZIKV during pregnancy. The absolute risk of microcephaly was 2.9% (11/376), of calcifications and/or ventriculomegaly was 7.2% (13/180), of additional neurologic alterations was 5.3% (13/245), of ophthalmologic abnormalities was 7% (15/214), and of dysphagia was 1.8% (4/226). Less than 1% of the children experienced abnormalities across all of the domains simultaneously. Interpretation: Although approximately one-fifth of children with confirmed and suspected exposure to ZIKV in pregnancy presented with at least one abnormality compatible with CZS, the manifestations presented more frequently in isolation than in combination. Due to the rare nature of some outcomes and the possibility of later manifestations, large scale individual participant data meta-analysis and the long-term evaluation of children are imperative to identify the full spectrum of this syndrome and to plan actions to reduce damages

Caracterização Das Manifestações Oftalmológicas Na Síndrome Congênita Do Zika Vírus

Objectives: To Characterize The Ocular Abnormalities Identified In Infants With Congenital Zika Syndrome (Czs). For This Purpose, Three Studies Were Conducted With The Following Specific Objectives: 1 - To Describe The Ocular Findings Identified In Infants With Microcephaly Exposed To The Zika Virus (Zikv) During Pregnancy; 2 - To Determine The Risk Factors Related To Ocular Manifestations Of Sczv; 3 - To Analyze The Retinal Layers Affected By The Zikv Using Optical Coherence Tomography (Oct). Methods: Infants With Microcephaly And/Or Other Neurological Findings Suggestive Of Congenital Infection Born Between May And December 2015 In The State Of Pernambuco Were Included In This Line Of Research. Children Who Were Positive Serologically For Any Other Congenital Infection Including Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes, Syphilis, And Hiv Were Excluded. In The Three Studies, All Infants And Their Respective Mothers Underwent A Thorough Ophthalmic Evaluation And Fundus Documentation Using Retcam ShuttlObjetivos: Caracterizar As Alterações Oculares Em Bebês Com A Síndrome Congênita Do Zika Vírus (Sczv). Com Esse Intuito, Foram Conduzidos Três Estudos Com Os Seguintes Objetivos Específicos: 1 - Descrever Os Achados Oculares Identificados Em Crianças Com Microcefalia Expostas Ao Zika Vírus (Zikv) Durante A Gravidez; 2 - Determinar Os Fatores De Risco Relacionados Às Manifestações Oculares Da Sczv; 3 - Analisar As Camadas Da Retina Afetadas Pelo Zikv Utilizando A Tomografia De Coerência Óptica (Oct). Métodos: Para Essa Linha De Pesquisa, Foram Incluídos Lactentes Com Microcefalia E/Ou Outros Achados Neurológicos Sugestivos De Infecção Congênita Pelo Zikv, Nascidos Entre Maio E Dezembro De 2015 No Estado De Pernambuco. Crianças Que Apresentaram Confirmação Sorológica Para Qualquer Outra Infecção Congênita (Toxoplasmose, Rubéola, Citomegalovírus, Herpes, Sífilis E Hiv) Foram Excluídas. Nos Três Estudos, Todas As Crianças E Suas Respectivas Mães Foram Submetidas A Uma Avaliação Oftalmológica Minuciosa E À DocumenDados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2018

Congenital cataract surgery with intracameral triamcinolone: Pre- and postoperative central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure

PURPOSE To evaluate the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) of children who underwent congenital cataract surgery with injection of triamcinolone acetonide into the anterior chamber at the end of the procedure.METHODS Fifty-three eyes of 34 children < 2 years of age who underwent congenital cataract surgery with injection of 1.2 mg/0.03 mL of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide into the anterior chamber at the end of the procedure were included in this study. IOP and CCT were measured preoperatively and at a mean of 2 and 12 months' follow-up.RESULTS the mean TOP was 8.7 +/- 0.4 mm Hg preoperatively, 8.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg at the 2-month follow-up, and 8.1 +/- 0.3 mm Hg at the 12-month follow-up. the mean CCT was 562 +/- 11 mu m preoperatively, 563 +/- 10 mu m at the 2-month follow-up, and 570 +/- 10 mu m at the 12-month follow-up. There was no significant change in either pre- or postoperative IOP (P = 0.700) or CCT (P = 0.419) over the study period.CONCLUSIONS Injection of 1.2 mg triamcinolone acetonide at the end of congenital cataract surgery in children < 2 years of age did not significantly affect IOP or CCT in the first year after surgery. (J AAPOS 2012;16:441-444)Altino Ventura Fdn, Dept Congenital Cataract, BR-50070040 Recife, PE, BrazilPernambuco Eye Hosp, Dept Congenital Cataract, Recife, PE, BrazilAltino Ventura Fdn, Dept Pediat Ophthalmol & Strabismus, BR-50070040 Recife, PE, BrazilPernambuco Eye Hosp, Dept Pediat Ophthalmol & Strabismus, Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ophthalmol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Características e deficiências dos programas de pós-graduação em oftalmologia no Brasil segundo pós-graduandos participantes

OBJETIVO: Analisar a percepção dos pós-graduandos participantes quanto à qualidade dos cursos lato sensu de oftalmologia do Brasil e apontar as áreas que necessitam melhorias. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal e descritivo com 107 pós-graduandos de oftalmologia de cursos credenciados pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) e/ou Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (CBO).Avaliou-se através de questionário as preceptorias (clínica, cirúrgica e emergência), as necessidades de melhoria curricular, aulas teóricas, cirurgias experimentais, atividades cirúrgicas e infraestrutura das instituições participantes. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis pós-graduandos (24,3%) estudavam em instituições credenciadas pelo MEC, 25 (23,4%) pelo CBO e 56 (52,3%) pelo CBO e MEC. A qualidade da preceptoria clínica, cirúrgica e na emergência mostrou-se satisfatória (86,0%, 87,0% e 67,3% respectivamente). As preceptorias clínica, cirúrgica e na emergência estiveram presentes em todos os turnos em 55,1%, 56,1% e 36,4%, respectivamente. A maioria dos alunos deseja maior oferta de cirurgias experimentais (75,7%), melhoria de recursos para o ensino (63,6%), dos equipamentos (74,8%) e das instalações físicas (67,3%). CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis analisadas foram similares nos serviços credenciados pelo MEC, CBO e por ambos.A qualidade das preceptorias nos serviços era satisfatória, embora não eram presenciais em todos os turnos em várias instituições. Os alunos sugeriram um aumento do volume cirúrgico e de cirurgias experimentais e melhoria na infraestrutura

Risk of adverse outcomes in offspring with RT-PCR confirmed prenatal Zika virus exposure: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 13 cohorts in the Zika Brazilian Cohorts ConsortiumResearch in context

Summary: Background: Knowledge regarding the risks associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in pregnancy has relied on individual studies with relatively small sample sizes and variable risk estimates of adverse outcomes, or on surveillance or routinely collected data. Using data from the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium, this study aims, to estimate the risk of adverse outcomes among offspring of women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection during pregnancy and to explore heterogeneity between studies. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of the offspring of 1548 pregnant women from 13 studies, using one and two-stage meta-analyses to estimate the absolute risks. Findings: Of the 1548 ZIKV-exposed pregnancies, the risk of miscarriage was 0.9%, while the risk of stillbirth was 0.3%. Among the pregnancies with liveborn children, the risk of prematurity was 10,5%, the risk of low birth weight was 7.7, and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) was 16.2%. For other abnormalities, the absolute risks were: 2.6% for microcephaly at birth or first evaluation, 4.0% for microcephaly at any time during follow-up, 7.9% for neuroimaging abnormalities, 18.7% for functional neurological abnormalities, 4.0% for ophthalmic abnormalities, 6.4% for auditory abnormalities, 0.6% for arthrogryposis, and 1.5% for dysphagia. This risk was similar in all sites studied and in different socioeconomic conditions, indicating that there are not likely to be other factors modifying this association. Interpretation: This study based on prospectively collected data generates the most robust evidence to date on the risks of congenital ZIKV infections over the early life course. Overall, approximately one-third of liveborn children with prenatal ZIKV exposure presented with at least one abnormality compatible with congenital infection, while the risk to present with at least two abnormalities in combination was less than 1.0%. Funding: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Brazil (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq); Wellcome Trust and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Medical Research Council on behalf of the Newton Fund and Wellcome Trust; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Foundation Christophe et Rodolphe Mérieux; Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Capes); Ministry of Health of Brazil; Brazilian Department of Science and Technology; Foundation of Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – FAPERJ); Foundation of Support for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão; Evandro Chagas Institute/Brazilian Ministry of Health (Instituto Evandro Chagas/Ministério da Saúde); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Goiás (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás – FAPEG); Foundation of Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul – FAPERGS); Foundation to Support Teaching, Research and Assistance at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto); São Paulo State Department of Health (Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo); Support Foundation of Pernambuco Science and Technology (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco – FACEPE)

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved