Nicotine stomatitis and its relation to carcinoma of the hard palate in reverse smokers of chuttas

Clinical surveys and biopsy studies demonstrated a close correlation among reverse smoking, nicotine stomatitis, and carcinoma of the palate

Equations of state with group contribution binary interaction parameters for calculation of two-phase envelopes for synthetic and real natural gas mixtures with heavy fractions

YesThree equations of state with a group contribution model for binary interaction parameters were employed to calculate the vapor-liquid equilibria of synthetic and real natural gas mixtures with heavy fractions. In order to estimate the binary interaction parameters, critical temperatures, critical pressures and acentric factors of binary constituents of the mixture are required. The binary interaction parameter model also accounts for temperature. To perform phase equilibrium calculations, the heavy fractions were first discretized into 12 Single Carbon Numbers (SCN) using generalized molecular weights. Then, using the generalized molecular weights and specific gravities, the SCN were characterized. Afterwards, phase equilibrium calculations were performed employing a set of (nc + 1) equations where nc stands for the number of known components plus 12 SCN. The equations were solved iteratively using Newton's method. Predictions indicate that the use of binary interaction parameters for highly sour natural gas mixtures is quite important and must not be avoided. For sweet natural gas mixtures, the use of binary interaction parameters is less remarkable, however

Partitioning of sediment on the shelf offshore of the Columbia River littoral cell

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Geology 273 (2010): 11-31, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2010.02.001.Sediment derived from the Columbia River has been deposited on the continental shelf, along the barriers and beaches, and in the bays of the Oregon and Washington coast during the Holocene. The barrier and beach deposits of this 150-km section of coast comprise approximately 6 km3 of these Holocene sediments (Peterson et al., 2010-this issue) while the fluvial and bay deposits comprise about 104 km3 (Baker et al., 2010-this issue), and the shelf deposit is approximately 79 km3. Seismic-reflection, sidescan sonar, and surface sediment data show that the shelf deposit is not uniform in distribution or composition. The shelf deposit is 15–50 m thick off the beaches of the southern part of the study area but is less than 3 m thick, and, in places, absent from the inner shelf in the northern third of the study area. Surface sediment texture of the shelf deposit varies as well. Pleistocene-age gravel covers parts of the inner shelf in the northern third of the area. To the south, the surface of the Holocene shelf deposit is composed of fine sand near shore that grades offshore to dominantly very fine sand in 25–30 m water depth and muddy sand on the middle and outer shelf (> 50 m depth). Although a huge volume of sediment covers the shelf, its uneven distribution indicates that in places only small amounts are available as a potential offshore source to the adjacent beaches, and in other places the finer-grained nature of the shelf deposit indicates that significant winnowing of fine sediment would be necessary to make it compositionally equivalent to sediment on adjacent beaches

Commercial refrigeration - An overview of current status

[EN] Commercial Refrigeration comprises food freezing and conservation in retail stores and supermarkets, so, it is one of the most relevant energy consumption sectors, and its relevance is increasing. This paper reviews the most recent developments in commercial refrigeration available in literature and presents a good amount of results provided these systems, covering some advantages and disadvantages in systems and working fluids. Latest researches are focused on energy savings to reduce CO2 indirect emissions due to the burning of fossil fuels. They are focused on system modifications (as dedicated subcooling or the implementation of ejectors), trigeneration technologies (electrical, heating and cooling demand) and better evaporation conditions control. Motivated by latest GWP regulations that are intended to reduce high GWP HFC emissions; R404A and R507 are going to phase out. Besides hydrocarbons and HFO, CO2 appears as one of the most promising HFC replacements because its low contribution to global warming and high efficiencies when used in transcritical and low-stage of cascade systems.The authors thankfully acknowledge "Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte" for supporting this work through "Becas y Contratos de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario del Programa Nacional de Formacion de Recursos Humanos de Investigacion del ejercicio 2012".Mota Babiloni, A.; Navarro Esbri, J.; Barragán Cervera, Á.; Moles, F.; Peris, B.; Verdú Martín, GJ. (2015). Commercial refrigeration - An overview of current status. International Journal of Refrigeration. 57:186-196. doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.04.013S1861965

The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea

Estimates of atmospheric inputs to the Mediterranean (MED) and some coastal areas are reviewed, and uncertainities in these estimates considered. Both the magnitude and the mineralogical composition of atmospheric dust inputs indicate that eolian deposition is an important (50%) or prevailing (>80%) contribution to sediments in the offshore waters of the entire Mediterranean (MED) basin. Model data for trace metals and nutrients indicate that the atmosphere delivers more than half the lead and nitrogen, one-third of total phosphorus, and 10% of the zinc entering the entire basin. Measured data in sub-basins, such as the north-western MED and northern Adriatic indicate an even greater proportion of atmospheric versus riverine inputs. When dissolved fluxes are compared (the form most likely to impinge on surface water biogeochemical cycles), the atmosphere is found to be 5 to 50 times more important than rivers for dissolved Zn and 15 to 30 times more important for Pb fluxes. Neglecting co-limitation by other nutrients, new production supported by atmospheric nitrogen deposition ranges from 2-4 g C m-2 yr-1, whereas atmospheric phosphorus deposition appears to support less than 1 g C m-2 yr-1. In spite of the apparently small contribution of atmospheric deposition to overall production in the basin it has been suggested that certain episodes of phytoplankton blooms are triggered by atmospheric deposition of N, P or Fe. Future studies are needed to clarify the extent and causal links between these episodic blooms and atmospheric/oceanographic forcing functions. A scientific program aimed at elucidating the possible biogeochemical effects of Saharan outbreaks in the MED through direct sampling of the ocean and atmosphere before and after such events is therefore highly recommended

Cryogenic mixed refrigerant processes

Teaches the need for refrigerant mixtures, the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, the different processes that can be used and the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications

A study on etiology, clinical manifeststions and management of deep neck space infections

Background: Deep neck space infections (DNSI) are serious diseases that involve several spaces in the neck. These are commonly seen in low socioeconomic group with poor oral hygiene, and nutritional disorders. These are bacterial infections originating from the upper aerodigestive tract. The incidence of this disease was relatively high before the advent of antibiotics. Treatment of DNSI includes antibiotic therapy, airway management and surgical intervention. Aims: To determine the various etiological, associated risk factors and clinical manifestations in Deep Neck Space Infections. Materials and methods: It is a Retrospective study done in 80 Patients diagnosed as Deep Neck Space Infection clinically and radiologically and Undergoing treatment for the same Patients diagnosed with Deep Neck Space Infection clinically and radiologically. Results: In this study 50 cases were male and 30 cases were female with a male to female ratio being 1.66 : 1. .The commonest age group was 21— 30 years (32.5%). The commonest site was Ludwigs angina with 19 cases followed by submandibular space infections with 17 cases with swelling has main presenting complaint. In this study 50 cases had dental caries as etiology ; around 18 cases was associated with anaemia. Ultrasound and CECT neck was used as vital imaging techniques. With maximum 25 days and minimum 8 days hospital stay. 61 cases underwent surgical (Incision and Drainage) , 19 cases with medical management. pus culture showed 23 cases with Streptococcus pyogenes followed by 8 cases with Pseudomonas. All cases responded to ceftriaxone and metronidazole combinations with 14 cases with Piperacillin and metronidazole. There were 2 deaths due to impending renal failure. Conclusions: Incision and Drainage is the mainstay of surgical treatment with wide exposure and use of betadine solution impregnated wick at the wound site daily. Patient education regarding oral and dental hygiene has to be stressed and Control of diabetes , proper nutrition to prevent deep neck space infections