Traçados e limites da ciência da informação

Origens, nascimento, evolução e estágio atual da ciência da informação. Principais teóricos e respectivas correntes de pensamento, interdisciplinaridade e dimensões tecnológica e social da nova área. Introdução da ciência da informação no Brasil, trajetória e estrutura do Mestrado em Ciência da Informação( CNPq/IBICT -UFRJ/ECO)

Traçados e limites da ciência da informação

Origens, nascimento, evolução e estágio atual da ciência da informação. Principais teóricos e respectivas correntes de pensamento, interdisciplinaridade e dimensões tecnológica e social da nova área. Introdução da ciência da informação no Brasil, trajetória e estrutura do Mestrado em Ciência da Informação( CNPq/IBICT -UFRJ/ECO).   http://revista.ibict.br/ciinf/article/view/60

ENTOSAFE - Edible insects: From a sustainable food production to a food safety concern.

The use of insects as a food and feed source is nowadays considered a solution for the increasing food demands in the following years. With that in mind, the recently funded project “ENTOSAFE - Edible insects: From a sustainable food production to a food safety concern” aims to integrate the food safety and the environmental sustainability aspects of edible insect farming. ENTOSAFE will take advantage of a symbiotic multidisciplinary team with members from industry (EntoGreen® - Ingredient Odyssey, Portugal) and academia (Univ. of Aveiro and National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Portugal). The project is committed to provide knowledge on the accumulation and transfer of potential contaminants (e.g., metals, mycotoxins, PAHs, pharmaceuticals) in insects farmed in rearing facilities, contributing directly with data sets to the new legislation and regulatory limits, concerning the presence of these compounds in the substrate. ENTOSAFE brings new approaches, focusing on full bioaccumulation studies through a complete uptake phase, assessing the contaminant into insects in different times during this phase. Considering the lack of information on insects’ elimination capacity to excrete contaminants from their body, an elimination phase will be studied in a non-contaminated substrate. ENTOSAFE is also promoting environmentally sustainable strategies while avoiding any wasted components from the process. The application of frass, as an organic fertilizer - produced by the digestion of the agricultural wastes or other residues by insects - on crops is presented as a promising solution to a zero-waste policy. Despite promising, the available information on the benefits that this by-product has on crop productivity is scarce. In this context, ENTOSAFE seeks evidence on the impact of this frass on agricultural soil’s main functions and the key processes behind. The project will evaluate the effects in soil quality and functions, soil-biota interactions in soils enriched with organic amendments and plant responses to stressors, by performing a series of experiments from laboratory to greenhouse scale. In summary, ENTOSAFE will contribute to an upscaling on the use of edible insects as feed and food, covering not only safety concerns but also promoting the sustainability of insect rearing processes.FCT/MCTES ( 50017/2020 + 50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), ENTOSAFE project (PTDC/CTA-AMB/0730/2021). D. Cardoso was hired under the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call (CEECIND/01190/2018). Patrícia V. Silva was funded by the project NATURAL (Nano-clays for removal/capture of phosphates and its reuse as fertilizer; CENTRO-01-0247-FEDER-047080) through a pos-doctoral grant (BIPD/UI50/6103/2021).N/

INTERAÇÕES ENTRE COMPORTAMENTOS DE CIDADANIA ORGANIZACIONAL, SUPORTE SOCIAL E CONFIANÇA INTERPESSOAL NO SETOR DE TI

Objetivo: Identificar as interações existentes entre os Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO), Suporte Social no Trabalho (SST) e Confiança Interpessoal (CI). Método/abordagem: Este estudo adota a abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, com adoção de uma estratégia survey. Para a coleta de dados foi estruturado um questionário baseado nos modelos de Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional, de Dekas et al. (2013), de Suporte Social no Trabalho segundo Siqueira e Gomide Jr (2008) de Confiança Interpessoal, conforme Nyham (2000)  e Oh e Park (2011). A pesquisa envolveu 352 indivíduos, de 41 empresas de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) no Brasil, sendo a maioria do Rio Grande do Sul. Principais resultados: Os resultados demonstram a existência de relações positivas entre os três construtos (CCO, SST e CI). Sendo que para os trabalhadores da área de TI os comportamentos de Ajuda são os mais praticados, o Suporte Instrumental é o mais priorizado e a percepção de confiança ocorre mais frequentemente entre o superior e subordinado. Originalidade/relevância: O estudo apresenta um avanço teórico-empírico, por abordar os temas e suas relações de forma conjunta, principalmente no que se refere à área de TI, o que contribui para o desenvolvimento teórico dos construtos trabalhados

Interações entre os Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional, Confiança Interpessoal, Confiança Organizacional e Suporte Organizacional

This study aims to analyze the existing relationships between Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Interpersonal Trust, Organizational Trust and Organizational Support, from the perspective of employees in the educational sector. In order to achieve this objective, a research of character descriptive of the survey type. The instrument filled out by 988 employees was elaborated from the Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale for Knowledge Workers (OCB-KW), Interpersonal Trust Measure (IT), Employee Trust Scale (ETS) and Organizational Support Perception Scale (OSPS). The main results show the existence of a relationship between the constructs of the social context and the OCB. The highest correlation found between Interpersonal Trust and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (r=.462), indicating that the existence of trust among the individuals in the organization is directly proportional to their involvement in positive and discretionary behaviors for the common good.Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as relações existentes entre os Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO), a Confiança Interpessoal, a Confiança Organizacional e o Suporte Organizacional, a partir da perspectiva de colaboradores do setor educacional. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo do tipo survey. O instrumento preenchido por 988 colaboradores foi elaborado a partir da Escala de Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional para Trabalhadores do Conhecimento (CCO-TC), Medida de Confiança Interpessoal (CI), Escala de Confiança do Empregado na Organização (ECEO) e Escala de Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (EPSO). Os principais resultados expõem a existência de relação entre os construtos do contexto social e os CCO. A maior correlação encontrada foi entre Confiança Interpessoal e Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (r=0,462), sinalizando que a existência de confiança entre os indivíduos na organização é diretamente proporcional ao envolvimento destes em comportamentos positivos e discricionários em prol do bem comum

Development of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/bioglass fibers using an electrospinning technique.

This work establishes experimental conditions for the synthesis of polymeric fibers using the electrospinning technique, modifying some operational parameters such as drum collector rotation speed and applied voltage were modified. The samples were obtained from a copolymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), with a molecular weight of approximately 220,000 g/mol, dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloromethane (3:1 v/v) solution. With the aim of developing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, we added a calcium phosphate glass based on 44.5Ca0-44.5P2O5-11Na2O to the fibrous PLGA structures. The preliminary characterization of these PLGA structures with and without the addition of biodegradable glass was performed using SEM analysis. We found the formation of aligned and homogeneous fibers with an average diameter of 5.2 ± 2.1 µm when using the 800 rpm - 8cm - 9 kV parameters. In addition, the incorporation of 1 wt% of previously silanized calcium phosphate particles substantially altered the fiber morphology and porosity. However, a substantial increase in the bioactivity of the composite was observed in contrast with the unmodified PLGA

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries