The Critical Turning Points Database : Concept, Methodology and Dataset of an International Transformative Social Innovation Comparison (TRANSIT Working Paper # 10, July 12th 2017)

[Abstract] This working paper presents the TRANSIT open-access online database on Critical Turning Points (CTP) in Transformative Social Innovation. It specifies the contents of the database, comprising qualitative accounts of more than 450 ‘critical’ episodes in the evolution of social innovation initiatives in 27 different countries. Providing the theoretical-methodological context to these data, the paper also describes the theoretical background of the CTP concept and the methodology though which the CTP accounts have been reconstructed through interviews with members of SI initiatives. The paper concludes with reflections on the open access CTP database as a knowledge infrastructure, discussing its significance in terms of mapping, dissemination and framing of social innovation.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 61316

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Imaging social and environmental factors as modulators of brain dysfunction: time to focus on developing, non-Western societies

Social and environmental factors are known risk factors and modulators of mental health disorders. We here conducted a nonsystematic review of the neuroimaging literature studying the effects of poverty, urbanicity, and community violence, highlighting the opportunities of studying non-Western developing societies such as those in Latin America. Social and environmental factors in these communities are widespread and have a large magnitude, as well as an unequal distribution, providing a good opportunity for their characterization. Studying the effect of poverty in these settings could help to explore the brain effect of economic improvements, disentangle the effect of absolute and relative poverty, and characterize the modulating impact of poverty on the underlying biology of mental health disorders. Exploring urbanicity effects in highly unequal cities could help identify the specific factors that modulate this effect as well as examine a possible dose–response effect by studying megacities. Studying brain changes in those living among violence, which is particularly high in places such as Latin America, could help to characterize the interplay between brain predisposition and exposure to violence. Furthermore, exploring the brain in an adverse environment should shed light on the mechanisms underlying resilience. We finally provide examples of two methodological approaches that could contribute to this field, namely a big cohort study in the developing world and a consortium-based meta-analytic approach, and argue about the potential translational value of this research on the development of effective social policies and successful personalized medicine in disadvantaged societies.Fil: Crossley, Nicolas A.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Alliende, Luz Maria. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ossandon, Tomas. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Castañeda, Carmen Paz. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; ChileFil: González Valderrama, Alfonso. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; Chile. Universidad Finis Terrae.; ChileFil: Undurraga, Juan. Universidad del Desarrollo; Chile. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; ChileFil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Zuluaga, Ana M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Pineda-Zapata, Julián A.. Instituto de Alta Tecnología Médica; ColombiaFil: López-Jaramillo, Carlos. Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación; Colombia. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Reyes Madrigal, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: León-Ortíz, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: de la Fuente-Sandoval, Camilo. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Czepielewski, Leticia Sanguinetti. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Gama, Clarissa S.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Zugman, Andre. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gadelha, Ary. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Jackowski, Andrea. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bressan, Rodrigo. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia in adverse environments:Examining the effect of poverty and violence in six Latin American cities

Summary Background Social and environmental factors such as poverty or violence modulate the risk and course of schizophrenia. However, how they affect the brain in patients with psychosis remains unclear. Aims We studied how environmental factors are related to brain structure in patients with schizophrenia and controls in Latin America, where these factors are large and unequally distributed. Method This is a multicentre study of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with schizophrenia and controls from six Latin American cities. Total and voxel-level grey matter volumes, and their relationship with neighbourhood characteristics such as average income and homicide rates, were analysed with a general linear model. Results A total of 334 patients with schizophrenia and 262 controls were included. Income was differentially related to total grey matter volume in both groups (P = 0.006). Controls showed a positive correlation between total grey matter volume and income (R = 0.14, P = 0.02). Surprisingly, this relationship was not present in patients with schizophrenia (R =-0.076, P = 0.17). Voxel-level analysis confirmed that this interaction was widespread across the cortex. After adjusting for global brain changes, income was positively related to prefrontal cortex volumes only in controls. Conversely, the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia, but not in controls, was relatively larger in affluent environments. There was no significant correlation between environmental violence and brain structure. Conclusions Our results highlight the interplay between environment, particularly poverty, and individual characteristics in psychosis. This is particularly important for harsh environments such as low- A nd middle-income countries, where potentially less brain vulnerability (less grey matter loss) is sufficient to become unwell in adverse (poor) environments.Fil: Crossley, Nicolas A.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Zugman, Andre. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Reyes Madrigal, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Czepielewski, Leticia S.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Mental; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Neurociencias - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Zuluaga, Ana M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Pineda Zapata, Julian A.. No especifíca;Fil: Reckziegel, Ramiro. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gadelha, Ary. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Jackowski, Andrea. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Noto, Cristiano. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Alliende, Luz M.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Iruretagoyena, Barbara. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ossandon, Tomas. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ramirez Mahaluf, Juan P.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Castañeda, Carmen P.. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; ChileFil: Gonzalez Valderrama, Alfonso. Universidad Finis Terrae; ChileFil: Nachar, Ruben. Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. José Horwitz Barak; ChileFil: León Ortiz, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Undurraga, Juan. Universidad del Desarrollo; ChileFil: López Jaramillo, Carlos. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Salud Mental; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Neurociencias - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Gama, Clarissa S.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: De La Fuente Sandoval, Camilo. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Bressan, Rodrigo A.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Memoria y legado : didácticas innovadoras para la formación en el SENA. Volumen 1

Aprender con otros. La sistematización como camino de investigación en el SENA, nace de la necesidad de recuperar desde la investigación la riqueza de las prácticas pedagógicas de las y los instructores a través de la producción del conocimiento crítico que emana de la práctica y las experiencias vividas en sus ambientes de formación. La sistematización de experiencias es una herramienta fundamental que permite contar lo vivido en la ejecución de la formación entre instructores, aprendices, familias, emprendedores, empresarios y la comunidad en general, empoderando al instructor para que se atreva a escribir y reflexionar sobre su práctica pedagógica desde una impronta de transformación en los territorios

Prospects for predatory mirid bugs as biocontrol agents of aphids in sweet peppers

In recent years, biological control strategies to control many major horticultural pests have been successfully implemented in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. However, the management of some pests, such as aphids in sweet pepper crops, can still be improved. The goal of this study was to examine the potential of the omnivorous predatory mirids Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus pygmaeus, and Dicyphus maroccanus as biocontrol agents of aphids in sweet pepper crops. First, the capacity to detect Myzus persicae-infested and un-infested plants was studied in a Y-tube olfactometer. Females of the three species of predatory mirids were strongly attracted to the odor of infested M. persicae plants. Second, the prey suitability of young and mature nymphs of M. persicae for these three mirid species was studied. The three species actively preyed on M. persicae, although D. maroccanus resulted the most voracious species preying both young and mature nymphs. Finally, the capacity of the three omnivorous predators to reduce M. persicae in heavily infested plants was determined in semi-field conditions. The three species of mirids could reproduce on aphids and establish on sweet pepper plants. Mirids significantly reduced the number of M. persicae per leaf, reaching levels of aphid reduction close to 100 % when compared to the untreated control. These results suggest that mirids might play a major role in aphid management in sweet peppers. The potential implementation methods of predatory mirids for the biological control in sweet peppers are discussed

Catálogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia

El documento que presentamos al público tiene una importancia tanto para la academia y centros de investigación como para las autoridades, tomadores de decisiones y el público en general, en aras de la generación de una conciencia colectiva sobre la problemática asociada a los recursos pesqueros y la necesidad de tomar medidas urgentes para su aprovechamiento sostenible por el bien común. En este contexto, el “Catalogo de los recursos pesqueros continentales de Colombia” contiene la información científicamente válida que ha llevado a establecer que las especies de peces de consumo y en consecuencia con alto valor comercial en aguas continentales son 173, cifra que probablemente se ampliará con futuros estudios y nuevos datos. De las especies listadas, 31 se encuentran categorizadas con algún grado de amenaza, siendo precisamente la causa el aprovechamiento derivado de su valor comercial, y que de continuar el aprovechamiento descontrolado, a la brevedad estaremos presenciando su extinción.Bogotá, D. C