RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Crescimento de cordeiros abatidos com diferentes pesos: osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça e de seus cortes Growth of lambs slaughtered at different weights: bone, muscle and fat of the carcass and its cuts

O trabalho foi realizado no Setor de Ovinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, objetivando determinar as quantidades de osso, músculo e gordura da carcaça e o crescimento de osso e músculo da carcaça e dos diferentes cortes da mesma. Foram utilizados 22 cordeiros machos inteiros, filhos de carneiros Texel e ovelhas cruza (Texel x Ideal). Desses, quatro/oram abatidos no início do experimento (24 horas após o nascimento), e os restantes, ao desmame (45 dias de idade) e aos 28 e 33kg. Os cordeiros foram confinados em baias individuais, com suas respectivas mães, até o desmame (45 dias de idade). A determinação do crescimento dos tecidos da carcaça e de seus cortes (quarto, paleta, costela, espinhaço e pescoço) foi realizada através de equações alométricas, utilizando-se o logaritmo do peso de osso ou músculo, em função do logaritmo do peso de corpo vazio (PCV) ou peso de carcaça fria (PCF). As quantidades de osso e músculo aumentaram (P<0,05) com a elevação do peso de abate. A proporção de osso diminuiu (P<0,05) e a de músculo manteve-se constante (P>0,05) com a elevação do peso de carcaça fria. A proporção de gordura aumentou do nascimento ao desmame (P<0,05), e a partir daí, diminuiu (P<0,05). Com relação ao PCV e PCF, o tecido que primeiro se desenvolve é o ósseo (b=0,729l88 e b=0,673340), seguido pelo muscular (b=1,075728 e b=l,001403). Entre os cortes da carcaça, o crescimento ósseo e muscular da costela são mais tardios que os demais.<br>This experiment was developed at the Ovine Section of Animal Science Department, at Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil- The purpose of this experiment was to determine the quantity of bone, muscle and fat of the carcass, and the growth ofbone and muscle of the carcass, and of the carcass cuts. Twenty-two intact mate lambs, sired by Texel males, from crossbreed Texel -Ideal dams were used. Four lambs were siaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (24 hours after birth) and groups of six lambs were siaughtered at weaning and when reaching 28 and 33kg. The lambs were kept in individual stalls together with their respective mothers until weaning (45 days of age). To study the growth of the carcass tissues and carcass cuts (hindquarter, shoulder, rib, backbone, neck), regression equations of the log of weight of each tissue, as a function of the log of empty body weight (EBW) or cold carcass weight (CCW) were fitted. The quantities of bone and muscle -increased (P<0.05) with the higher of siaughter weights. The proportion of bone decreased (P<0.05) and that of muscle remained constant (P>0.05) with the higher of the CCW, the proportion of fat increased from birth to weaning (P<0.05) and decreased after weaning (P<0.05). In relation to EBW and CCW, bones were early maturing (b=0.729188 and b=0.673340), followed by muscular tissue (b=1.075728 and b=1.001403). Among carcass cuts rib bone and muscle were later maturing than in other cuts

Desempenho animal e avaliação do potencial produtivo de forragens para ensilagem, por intermédio de diferentes fontes de suplementação nitrogenada Animal performance and evaluation of forage potential production for silage making by means of different sources of nitrogen supplementation

Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o milho (Zea mays L.) AG 1051 e os sorgos (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench) AG 2006 e BR 303, para produção de silagem, e verificar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja por uréia (0, 50 e 100%), nas rações concentradas para bovinos confinados. As silagens foram usadas em dois experimentos e os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro, 72 bovinos mestiços F1 Pardo Suíço x Nelore, inteiros, com 20 meses de idade e 412 kg PV, foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (silagem de milho e de sorgos e nível de substituição do farelo de soja por uréia). No segundo, 48 novilhos Nelore, com 34 meses e 378 kg PV, foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (silagem de sorgos e nível de substituição do farelo de soja por uréia). Não houve diferença entre as forragens quanto às produções/ha de matéria seca total e de folha, colmo e à relação espiga/panícula. As plantas de milho e sorgo BR 303 apresentaram cerca de 53% de espiga/panícula quando comparado a 45% do sorgo AG 2006. Não houve interação entre as silagens e a fonte de nitrogênio. A silagem de milho propiciou melhor desempenho para os animais mestiços. Economicamente, o melhor resultado foi obtido com o uso da silagem de milho e do farelo de soja. O desempenho dos animais Nelores não foi influenciado pelo tipo de silagem e pela fonte de nitrogênio. Não houve diferença no retorno econômico para as silagens. Contudo, para as fontes de nitrogênio, o maior retorno economico foi obtido com o uso da uréia, seguido da mistura farelo de soja + uréia e, por último, com o farelo de soja.<br>This study was conducted to evaluate the corn (Zea mays L.) AG 1051 and the sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) AG 2006 and BR 303, for silage production, and the effect of substitution of soybean meal by urea (0,50 and 100%) in the concentrated diets for feedlot cattle. The silages were used in two experiments and the animals were alloted to a completely experimental design. In the first, 72 F1 crossbred Brown Swiss x Nellore bulls, with 20 months of age and 412 kg LW were distributed to a 3x3 factorial arrangement (corn silage and sorghums silage and level of substitution of soybean meal by urea). In the second, 48 Nellore steers, with 34 month of age and 378 kg LW, were allotted to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (sorghum silage and level of substitution of soybean by urea). There were no differences between the forages as for production/ha of total dry matter and leaves, stem and of ear/panicle ratio. The corn and sorghum BR 303 plants presented about 53% of ear/panicle ratio as compared to 45% of the sorghum AG 2006. There was no interaction between the silage and the nitrogen source. The corn silage provided better performance for the crossbred bulls. Economically, the highest profit was obtained by using corn silage and soybean meal. The performance of Nellore steers was not affected by silage type or nitrogen source. There were no differences in the economic return for the silages. However, for the nitrogen source, the higher economic return was obtained by the use of urea followed by soybean meal + urea mixture and, finally, by soybean meal

CMS physics technical design report: Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

This report presents the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the rich heavy-ion physics programme offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collisions of lead nuclei at energies ,will probe quark and gluon matter at unprecedented values of energy density. The prime goal of this research is to study the fundamental theory of the strong interaction - Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) - in extreme conditions of temperature, density and parton momentum fraction (low-x). This report covers in detail the potential of CMS to carry out a series of representative Pb-Pb measurements. These include "bulk" observables, (charged hadron multiplicity, low pT inclusive hadron identified spectra and elliptic flow) which provide information on the collective properties of the system, as well as perturbative probes such as quarkonia, heavy-quarks, jets and high pT hadrons which yield "tomographic" information of the hottest and densest phases of the reaction.0info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe