Sized Type Analysis for Logic Programs (Technical Communication)

We present a novel analysis for relating the sizes of terms and subterms occurring at diferent argument positions in logic predicates. We extend and enrich the concept of sized type as a representation that incorporates structural (shape) information and allows expressing both lower and upper bounds on the size of a set of terms and their subterms at any position and depth. For example, expressing bounds on the length of lists of numbers, together with bounds on the values of all of their elements. The analysis is developed using abstract interpretation and the novel abstract operations are based on setting up and solving recurrence relations between sized types. It has been integrated, together with novel resource usage and cardinality analyses, in the abstract interpretation framework in the Ciao preprocessor, CiaoPP, in order to assess both the accuracy of the new size analysis and its usefulness in the resource usage estimation application. We show that the proposed sized types are a substantial improvement over the previous size analyses present in CiaoPP, and also benefit the resource analysis considerably, allowing the inference of equal or better bounds than comparable state of the art systems

Appearance of pyrophyllite as replacements of spiriferids (Brachiopoda) Shells of the devonian in the Central-Iberian zone (Hesperic Massif, Spain).

[Abstract] Amacroscopic pyrophyllite bearing mineralization related to shells ofspiriferids has beeen found in the Herrera Formation (southern Central-Iberian Zone, Hesperic Massif, Spain). The observed mineral asociation is pyrophyllite + nacrite + quartz + calcite + anhydrite, and it is interpreted as resulting from the substitution ofinitial carbonatic shell by a Si, Al, S rich hydrothermal solutio

Study of turbocharger shaft motion by means of non-invasive optical techniques: Application to the behaviour analysis in turbocharger lubrication failures

[EN] This paper presents a novel non-invasive technique to estimate the turbocharger shaft whirl motion. The aim of this article is to present a system for monitoring the shaft motion of a turbocharger, which will be used in turbocharger destructive testing. To achieve this, a camera and a light source were installed in a turbocharger test bench with a controlled lubrication circuit. An image recording methodology and a process algorithm have been developed, in order to estimate the shaft motion. This processing consists on differentiating specific zones of the image, in order to obtain their coordinates. Two reference points have been configured on the compressor side, which help to calculate the relative position of the shaft, avoiding the errors due to structural vibrations. Maximum eccentricity of the turbocharger has been determined and it has been compared with shaft motion when it is spinning in different conditions. A luminosity study has been also done, in order to improve the process and to obtain locus of shaft position in a picture exposition time period. The technique has been applied to diagnosis of a lubrication failure test and the main results will be presented in this article: like shaft motion figures; thermodynamic variables and pictures of the shaft while it is spinning at abnormal lubrication conditions. The measuring components used in this technique have the ability to withstand the catastrophic failure of the turbocharger in this type of test. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Pastor, JV.; Serrano, J.; Dolz, V.; López Hidalgo, M.; Bouffaud, F. (2012). Study of turbocharger shaft motion by means of non-invasive optical techniques: Application to the behaviour analysis in turbocharger lubrication failures. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. 32:292-305. doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.04.020S2923053

Insect Diversity of the Lower Montane Evergreen Forest of the Western Andes Mountain Range: Cascada Chilicay and Suncamal

Biological research in the low montane evergreen forests of Ecuador focuses on ecological and botanical aspects, while knowledge of the entomofauna of these areas is almost nil. In February 2022, sampling was carried out during the dry season for 15 days, using direct and indirect capture methods (tapping, sieving, and light traps) in two waterfalls of the low montane evergreen forest of the western Andean Cordillera: Chilicay and Suncamal waterfalls, with the objective of identifying the composition of the terrestrial insect fauna at the family level. Two orders and 21 families were recorded, among which the families Carabidae and Noctuidae represented the highest percentage of the total abundance. Although preliminary, this work constitutes the first contribution to the knowledge of the entomofauna of this ecosystem. Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, entomofauna, insects. Resumen Las investigaciones biológicas en los bosques siempreverdes montanos bajos de Ecuador, se centran en aspectos ecológicos y botánicos, mientras que el conocimiento de la entomofauna de estas zonas es escaso. En febrero de 2022, en la época seca y durante 15 días, utilizando métodos de captura directa e indirecta (golpeteo, tamizado y trampas de luz), se realizaron muestreos en dos cascadas del Bosque siempreverde montano bajo de la cordillera occidental de los Andes: Cascada Chilicay y Suncamal, con el objetivo de identificar la composición de la fauna de insectos terrestres a nivel de familia. Se registraron dos órdenes y 21 familias, entre las cuales, las familias Carabidae y Noctuidae representaron el mayor porcentaje de la abundancia total. Aunque en forma preliminar, este trabajo constituye el primer aporte al conocimiento de la entomofauna de este ecosistema. Palabras Clave: Biodiversidad, conservación, entomofauna, insectos

Resource usage analysis of logic programs via abstract interpretation using sized types

We present a novel general resource analysis for logic programs based on sized types. Sized types are representations that incorporate structural (shape) information and allow expressing both lower and upper bounds on the size of a set of terms and their subterms at any position and depth. They also allow relating the sizes of terms and subterms occurring at different argument positions in logic predicates. Using these sized types, the resource analysis can infer both lower and upper bounds on the resources used by all the procedures in a program as functions on input term (and subterm) sizes, overcoming limitations of existing resource analyses and enhancing their precision. Our new resource analysis has been developed within the abstract interpretation framework, as an extension of the sized types abstract domain, and has been integrated into the Ciao preprocessor, CiaoPP. The abstract domain operations are integrated with the setting up and solving of recurrence equations for inferring both size and resource usage functions. We show that the analysis is an improvement over the previous resource analysis present in CiaoPP and compares well in power to state of the art systems

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Sulfa-Michael Adducts and Thiochromenes Derived from Carbohydrates

The Michael addition reactions of carbohydrate-derived nitroalkenes with ethyl thioglycolate and 2-mercaptobenzyl alcohol were studied. Reactions were conducted under mild, solvent-free conditions with DABCO as a catalyst, affording the corresponding adducts in good yields. Furthermore, compounds resulting from the addition with 2-mercaptobenzyl alcohol were used as starting materials for the synthesis of chiral 3-nitro-2H-thiochromenes. For some of the compounds synthesized herein, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against a panel of human solid tumor cell lines were assayed and compared with those of carbohydrate-nitroalkene substrates.Junta de Extremadura GR15022Unión Europea FP7-REGPOT-2012-CT2012-31637-IMBRAI

Influencia del nivel de competición en las acciones técnicas de punto realizadas en Shiai Kumite femenino de karate. Análisis de coordenadas polares

El objetivo es identificar las acciones técnicas de las karatekas queconsiguen puntuar en competición y explorar si el comportamiento técnicopuede discriminar entre diferentes niveles competitivos. Se ha registrado elcomportamiento técnico de 35 karatekas, modalidad de kumite femenino, enun total de 40 combates (18 de nivel regional/nacional y 22 de nivel internacional).Se ha utilizado un diseño observacional situado en el cuarto de cuadrantede carácter nomotético y de seguimiento multidimensional. El registrose ha realizado con el programa Lince y una herramienta de observación“ad hoc” formada por un sistema mixto de formatos de campo y un sistema decategorías denominado FCSCSHIAIKUMITE. Se ha utilizado la prueba deChi-cuadrado (p≤ 0,05) y se ha realizado un análisis de coordenadas polares,escogiendo como conductas focales aquellas relativas a la puntuación y comoconductas condicionadas todas aquellas relativas a los demás criterios. Losresultados muestran que solo el criterio puntuación discrimina entre ambosniveles de rendimiento, sumando 152 puntos en nivel internacional frente a78 en nivel nacional (p= 0,002). El Yuko es la forma de obtener punto másfrecuentada en ambos niveles (76,4% vs 86,8%), no obstante, el Ippon eseficiente y frecuentado a nivel internacional (21,7%), y solo representa un4,4% en combates de nivel nacional. En conclusión, hay dos aspectos quepodrían ser de especial atención, el perfeccionamiento de las acciones técnicasde punto más habituales y de las acciones defensivas a esas técnicas, así comola eficacia para obtener más puntuación al utilizarlas

The South Bank Exhibition, Londres 1951: un análisis desde The Architectural Review

La exposición Festival of Britain de Londres de 1951 ocupa un destacado lugar en la historia de la arquitectura inglesa de la postguerra por ser el punto de arranque de la recuperación urbana del South Bank de Londres. Tuvo un gran apoyo y protagonismo en The Architectural Review, que publicó varios artículos y un número monográfico con el fin de mostrar como el master plan de la exposición se ajustaba a los ideales del Visual Planning y del Townscape que la revista venía difundiendo desde hacía unos años. Pero también fue criticada por un grupo de jóvenes arquitectos liderados por Reyner Banham que como reacción propondrían una arquitectura alternativa que fue denominada como el New Brutalism.The Festival of Britain exhibition held in London in 1951 occupies a noteworthy place in the history of British architecture of the post-war period. This is because it constituted the starting point for the urban renewal of London’s South Bank. It was given strong support and great prominence by The Architectural Review, which published several articles and a monographic issue about it, in order to show how the master plan for the exhibition matched the ideals of Visual Planning and Townscape that the journal had been putting forward for some years previously. However, it was also the subject of criticism from a group of young architects, headed by Reyner Banham, who reacted to it by advocating an alternative style of architecture that was termed New Brutalism

Resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with bronchiectasis

Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (BE) is a chronic structural lung condition that facilitates chronic colonization by different microorganisms and courses with recurrent respiratory infections and frequent exacerbations. One of the main pathogens involved in BE is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.To determine the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the molecular epidemiology of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with BE.A total of 43 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from the sputum of BE patients. Susceptibility to the following antimicrobials was analysed: ciprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, tobramycin, aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, cefepime and colistin. The resistance mechanisms present in each strain were assessed by PCR, sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR. Molecular epidemiology was determined by MLST. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the eBURST algorithm.High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin (44.19%) were found. Mutations in the gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. The number of mutated QRDR genes was related to increased MIC. Different ?-lactamases were detected: blaOXA50, blaGES-2, blaIMI-2 and blaGIM-1. The aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-Ic, aac(6?)-Ib and ant(2?)-Ia genes were associated with aminoglycoside-resistant strains. The gene expression analysis showed overproduction of the MexAB-OprM efflux system (46.5%) over the other efflux system. The most frequently detected clones were ST619, ST676, ST532 and ST109.Resistance to first-line antimicrobials recommended in BE guidelines could threaten the treatment of BE and the eradication of P. aeruginosa, contributing to chronic infection.© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

The role of clonal communication and heterogeneity in breast cancer

Background: Cancer is a rapidly evolving, multifactorial disease that accumulates numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. This results in molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity within the tumor, the complexity of which is further amplified through specific interactions between cancer cells. We aimed to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the cooperation between different clones. Methods: We produced clonal cell lines derived from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, using the UbC-StarTrack system, which allowed tracking of multiple clones by color: GFP C3, mKO E10 and Sapphire D7. Characterization of these clones was performed by growth rate, cell metabolic activity, wound healing, invasion assays and genetic and epigenetic arrays. Tumorigenicity was tested by orthotopic and intravenous injections. Clonal cooperation was evaluated by medium complementation, co-culture and co-injection assays. Results: Characterization of these clones in vitro revealed clear genetic and epigenetic differences that affected growth rate, cell metabolic activity, morphology and cytokine expression among cell lines. In vivo, all clonal cell lines were able to form tumors; however, injection of an equal mix of the different clones led to tumors with very few mKO E10 cells. Additionally, the mKO E10 clonal cell line showed a significant inability to form lung metastases. These results confirm that even in stable cell lines heterogeneity is present. In vitro, the complementation of growth medium with medium or exosomes from parental or clonal cell lines increased the growth rate of the other clones. Complementation assays, co-growth and co-injection of mKO E10 and GFP C3 clonal cell lines increased the efficiency of invasion and migration. Conclusions: These findings support a model where interplay between clones confers aggressiveness, and which may allow identification of the factors involved in cellular communication that could play a role in clonal cooperation and thus represent new targets for preventing tumor progression