Silício No Desenvolvimento In Vitro Da Orquídea Cattleya Forbesii

Addition of Silicon (Si) to culture media has been shown to improve the development of seedlings grown in vitro, and to reduce losses during the acclimatization phase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro growth of Cattleya forbesii (Orchidaceae) in MS medium containing five different concentrations of SiO2 (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g·L−1). At day 200, the following variables were measured: number of roots, average length of the root system, leaf area, number of leaves and shoots, shoot height, fresh and dry masses of roots and shoots, water content of roots and shoots, and pH of the culture medium. Most variables decreased as the concentration of Si increased, reducing the in vitro vegetative growth of C. forbesii. Accumulation of Si in leaf tissues was detected by scanning electron microscopy, confirming uptake by plants. The Si source and concentrations tested showed no beneficial effect on in vitro growth of C. forbesii. © 2016, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arid. All rights reserved.291182

The management of patients with primary chronic anal fissure: a position paper

Anal fissure is one of the most common and painful proctologic diseases. Its treatment has long been discussed and several different therapeutic options have been proposed. In the last decades, the understanding of its pathophysiology has led to a progressive reduction of invasive and potentially invalidating treatments in favor of conservative treatment based on anal sphincter muscle relaxation. Despite some systematic reviews and an American position statement, there is ongoing debate about the best treatment for anal fissure. This review is aimed at identifying the best treatment option drawing on evidence-based medicine and on the expert advice of 6 colorectal surgeons with extensive experience in this field in order to produce an Italian position statement for anal fissures. While there is little chance of a cure with conservative behavioral therapy, medical treatment with calcium channel blockers, diltiazem and nifepidine or glyceryl trinitrate, had a considerable success rate ranging from 50 to 90%. Use of 0.4% glyceryl trinitrate in standardized fashion seems to have the best results despite a higher percentage of headache, while the use of botulinum toxin had inconsistent results. Nonresponding patients should undergo lateral internal sphincterotomy. The risk of incontinence after this procedure seems to have been overemphasized in the past. Only a carefully selected group of patients, without anal hypertonia, could benefit from anoplasty

Epigenetics and developmental programming of welfare and production traits in farm animals

The concept that postnatal health and development can be influenced by events that occur in utero originated from epidemiological studies in humans supported by numerous mechanistic (including epigenetic) studies in a variety of model species. Referred to as the ‘developmental origins of health and disease’ or ‘DOHaD’ hypothesis, the primary focus of large-animal studies until quite recently had been biomedical. Attention has since turned towards traits of commercial importance in farm animals. Herein we review the evidence that prenatal risk factors, including suboptimal parental nutrition, gestational stress, exposure to environmental chemicals and advanced breeding technologies, can determine traits such as postnatal growth, feed efficiency, milk yield, carcass composition, animal welfare and reproductive potential. We consider the role of epigenetic and cytoplasmic mechanisms of inheritance, and discuss implications for livestock production and future research endeavours. We conclude that although the concept is proven for several traits, issues relating to effect size, and hence commercial importance, remain. Studies have also invariably been conducted under controlled experimental conditions, frequently assessing single risk factors, thereby limiting their translational value for livestock production. We propose concerted international research efforts that consider multiple, concurrent stressors to better represent effects of contemporary animal production systems

L'IMAGING DIAGNOSTICO DELLE EMERGENZE ANO-RETTALI

Il testo, sponsorizzato dalla SICCR, \ue8 un Manuale di facile consultazione, i cui capitoli sono stati affidati a Cultori della materia e diretto a quanti si avvicinano alla disciplina proctologia

Proctalgia as a late complication of stapled hemorrhoidectomy. Report of our case series.

INTRODUCTION: Incidence and etiology of persistent pain after stapled hemorrhoidectomy remain uncertain. Characteristics, clinical course and management of this complication have not yet been assessed. Purpose of this essay is to describe our experience with persistent pain in our series of patients with this technique. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 126 cases of stapled hemorrhoidectomy treated from 2006 to 2009. We gathered information on each patient regarding type of prolapsed hemorrhoids, number of haemostatic suture placed, histology of each doughnut and post operative complications. A close follow up was done in those patients complaining about pain. RESULTS: Early and late complications occurred in 11.9% and 16.7% of patients respectively. At two weeks from surgery 18 patients (14.3%) were complaining of persistent pain. The average number of haemostatic sutured placed in this group and in all series is 4.5 and 2.5 respectively. Eight patients (6.34%), 3 (2.4%) and 2 (1.6%) patients were still complaining of persistent pain at 1 month, 4 months and 6 months of follow up, respectively. In these patients, endoanal manometry was normal at 4 months from surgery, while endoanal ultrasound showed retained staples in 3 of them. At 7 months from surgery a staples removal was performed in 2 patients that were still complaining of pain. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of pain at 2 weeks after surgery resulted in 14.3% of patients. In most patients its etiology remains unclear but we reckon it might be related to the high number of haemostatic sutures placed. Staples removal resulted successfully