Banking and Insurance Services Liberalization and Development in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis

This paper draws from three country case studies of the liberalization and development of the banking and insurance service sectors in Bangladesh, Nepal and Malaysia undertaken as part of an ARTNeT regional study on trade in services led by the author.Service Trade, Bangladesh,Nepal, Malaysia

Services Trade in Developing Asia:A Case Study of the Banking and Insurance Sector in Nepal

This study reviews the development of the banking and insurance sectors in Nepal and the effect of reforms and commitments linked to these sectors since the 1980s, when financial sector liberalization in Nepal began with deregulation of the interest rate structure and opening of the banking sector to foreign investors.Service Trade, Nepal

Polypharmacy in elderly cancer patients : challenges and the way clinical pharmacists can contribute in resource-limited settings

The aim of this study was to address the problems associated with polypharmacy in elderly cancer patients and to highlight the role of pharmacists in such cases in resource‐limited settings. A narrative review of existing literature was performed to summarize the evidence regarding the impact of polypharmacy in elderly cancer patients and the pharmaceutical strategies to manage it. This review emphasizes the significance of polypharmacy, which is often ignored in real clinical practice. Polypharmacy in the elderly cancer population is mainly due to: chemotherapy with one or more neoplastic agents for cancer treatment, treatment for adverse drug reactions due to neoplastic agents, the patient's comorbid conditions, or drug interactions. The role of the clinical pharmacist in specialized oncology hospitals or oncology departments of tertiary care hospitals is well established; however, this is not the case in many developing countries. A clinical pharmacist can contribute to solving the problems associated with polypharmacy by identifying the risks associated with polypharmacy and its management in resource‐limited settings. As in many developed countries, the involvement of a clinical pharmacist in cancer care for elderly patients may play a vital role in the recognition and management of polypharmacy‐related problems. Further research can be conducted to support this role

Effective potential and geodesic motion in Kerr-de Sitter space-time

In the present work, geodesic trajectories in Kerr-de Sitter geometry is analyzed. From the mathematical solution of Lagrangian formalism appropriate to motions in the equatorial plane (for which 'theta' = 0 and 'theta' = (constant)= pi/2) can give potential energy of massive and massless particles for rotating axisymetric black hole. From this, for a particular value of cosmological constant, Kerr parameter, mass, angular momentum and impact parameter; variation of potential with distance can be found. Similarly, for a particular value of cosmological constant, mass and Kerr parameter; variation of velocity with distance can be found

Improving the efficiency of spam filtering through cache architecture

Blacklists (BLs), also called Domain Name Systembased Blackhole List (DNSBLs) are the databases of known internet addresses used by the spammers to send out the spam mails. Mail servers use these lists to filter out the e-mails coming from different spam sources. In contrary, Whitelists (WLs) are the explicit list of senders from whom e-mail can be accepted or delivered. Mail Transport Agent (MTA) is usually configured to reject, challenge or flag the messages which have been sent from the sources listed on one or more DNSBLs and to allow the messages from the sources listed on the WLs. In this paper, we are demonstrating how the bandwidth (the overall requests and responses that need to go over the network) performance is improved by using local caches for BLs and WLs. The actual sender\u27s IP addresses are extracted from the e-mail log. These are then compared with the list in the local caches to find out if they should be accepted or not, before they are checked against the global DNSBLs by running \u27DNSBL queries\u27 (if required). Around three quarters of the e-mail sources have been observed to be filtered locally through caches with this method. Provision of local control over the lists and lower search (filtering) time are the other related benefits. © 2008 IEEE