pDNA capture using grafted adsorbents

BACKGROUND: ‘Expanded’ composite materials are of interest as an alternative, or as a supplement, to packed-bed chromatography during bioproduct recovery and purification. Functionalized non-woven fabrics and mega-porous bodies are examples of systems that showed promise. However, there is scarce information on their suitability to capture and release plasmid DNA (pDNA), an important type of product employed in gene therapy. RESULTS: Composite adsorbents were prepared using either chemical (CG-DEAE-NW) or gamma-irradiated graft-polymerization (GIR-DEAE-MP), and subsequently modified to have diethylamino ethanol (DEAE) functionality. Capture experiments showed that pDNA can actually reversibly bind to the two mentioned adsorbents, with capacity values of 2.4 and 1.3 mg per mL, respectively. These values are in the range of what can be expected from commercial beaded adsorbents but lower that the values expected from monoliths. CONCLUSIONS: Expanded materials, due to their high voidage, may present limited capacity for pDNA. However, such materials are able to bind proteins and other contaminants from bacterial lysate, opening the way for their utilization in the ‘negative’ mode.Fil: Singh, Naveen Kumar. University of Notre Dame; Estados Unidos. Jacobs University; AlemaniaFil: Dsouza, Roy N.. Jacobs University; AlemaniaFil: Yelemane, Vikas. Jacobs University; AlemaniaFil: Nentwig, Nina. Jacobs University; AlemaniaFil: Grasselli, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Lahore, Marcelo. Jacobs University; Alemani

Study of the transient temperature profiles induced by changes of the welding parameters during aluminium two plate arc butt-welding

The numerical study and calculation of transient temperatures developing during the arc-welding process of 6063 T5 aluminum plates is presented. The mathematical model is based on the differential energy conservation equation. The governing equation is solved via numerical simulation using the finite control volume method to obtain the three dimensional and transient temperature profiles induced during the welding process. The moving heat source is considered as represented by a centered Gaussian-Bell distribution, while the base material is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic with temperature-dependent thermal properties. Radiation and convection are computed and introduced into the model through the boundary conditions as an empirical temperature-dependent correlation. Phase-change phenomenon is included as a discontinuity in the material specific heat. Computed results show the influence of the variation of the welding parameters such as the arc power and welding speed on the computed transient temperatures, penetration and process efficienc

Finite Element Simulation of Dense Wire Packings

A finite element program is presented to simulate the process of packing and coiling elastic wires in two- and three-dimensional confining cavities. The wire is represented by third order beam elements and embedded into a corotational formulation to capture the geometric nonlinearity resulting from large rotations and deformations. The hyperbolic equations of motion are integrated in time using two different integration methods from the Newmark family: an implicit iterative Newton-Raphson line search solver, and an explicit predictor-corrector scheme, both with adaptive time stepping. These two approaches reveal fundamentally different suitability for the problem of strongly self-interacting bodies found in densely packed cavities. Generalizing the spherical confinement symmetry investigated in recent studies, the packing of a wire in hard ellipsoidal cavities is simulated in the frictionless elastic limit. Evidence is given that packings in oblate spheroids and scalene ellipsoids are energetically preferred to spheres.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Recent Development of Nano-Materials Used in DNA Biosensors

As knowledge of the structure and function of nucleic acid molecules has increased, sequence-specific DNA detection has gained increased importance. DNA biosensors based on nucleic acid hybridization have been actively developed because of their specificity, speed, portability, and low cost. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using nano-materials for DNA biosensors. Because of their high surface-to-volume ratios and excellent biological compatibilities, nano-materials could be used to increase the amount of DNA immobilization; moreover, DNA bound to nano-materials can maintain its biological activity. Alternatively, signal amplification by labeling a targeted analyte with nano-materials has also been reported for DNA biosensors in many papers. This review summarizes the applications of various nano-materials for DNA biosensors during past five years. We found that nano-materials of small sizes were advantageous as substrates for DNA attachment or as labels for signal amplification; and use of two or more types of nano-materials in the biosensors could improve their overall quality and to overcome the deficiencies of the individual nano-components. Most current DNA biosensors require the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in their protocols. However, further development of nano-materials with smaller size and/or with improved biological and chemical properties would substantially enhance the accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity of DNA biosensors. Thus, DNA biosensors without PCR amplification may become a reality in the foreseeable future

Tränas förmågorna i ämnet fysik? : En innehållsanalys av lärarnas planeringar, LPP:er samt hur lärarna övar förmågorna med eleverna i ämnet fysik.

Abstract - Which abilities are the students training in the subject of physics? The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' plans, LPPs (Local Educational Planning) to see which abilities are trained and how. I have created a content analysis of the teachers' plans, LPPs and how the teachers practice the abilities of the students in the subject of physics. I analysed two LPPs in the grade 5 and two LPPs in the grade 6. The LPPs are from two different schools and two teachers' one in each grade. My first purpose was to examine which abilities, prescribed in Lgr 11 students are training and if the abilities create a common thread between grade 5 and grade 6 in the subject of physics. My second purpose was to examine what kind of teaching the students are training the abilities which can be found in Lgr 11. The study addresses three different kinds of teaching which are more open, more guided or in a combined way of teaching. My study answered the following questions: Which abilities in Lgr 11 are the students training in the subject of physics in grade 5 and 6? What kind of teaching are the students training the abilities in Lgr 11? The study was based on a content analysis of the LPPs and the theory I used to analyse was The Big 5. I also used interview by email with the teachers who gave me the LPPs. Based on the results and the analysis of the study, I came to the conclusion that all four LPPs in the two different schools were practicing the abilities prescribed in Lgr 11 and that they used The Big 5 to clarify the abilities that the topic addresses. All four LPPs have a common thread between grade 5 and 6 where some abilities are recorded again others are excluded and supplemented with new ones. Based on the results and the analysis, I came to the conclusion that both teachers teach the skills prescribed in Lgr 11 in the subject of physics in an open way of teaching, i.e. when students are active participants in the teaching. Combined teaching was used several times when the students e.g. had to try out for a given topic. Guided teaching was used only once in all four LPPs e.g. when the teachers prepare a list of concepts

Business transfers among living or by reason of death in the value added tax act

Die Arbeit handelt von der Besteuerung der Unternehmens\ufcbertragung unter Lebenden und von Todes wegen im Umsatzsteuerrecht unter Ber\ufccksichtigung der unionsrechtlichen Bestimmungen, wie sie in der Mehrwertsteuersystemrichtlinie vorgesehen sind.Zu Beginn der Arbeit erfolgt eine Darstellung der unionsrechtlichen Bestimmungen zu Unternehmens\ufcbertragungen. Im Laufe des Kapitels wird auch die dazu einschl\ue4gige Judikatur des EuGH erl\ue4utert und deren Relevanz f\ufcr die geltende \uf6sterreichische Rechtslage diskutiert. Der folgende Abschnitt besch\ue4ftigt sich mit der \uf6sterreichischen Rechtslage der Unternehmens\ufcbertragung im Umsatzsteuerrecht. Es erfolgt eine Aufteilung in verschiedene Varianten von cbertragungen. So wird in diesem Kapitel beispielsweise zwischen der Unternehmens\ufcbertragung gegen Kaufpreis, der unentgeltlichen Unternehmens\ufcbertragung unter Lebenden und der unentgeltlichen Unternehmens\ufcbertragung von Todes wegen unterschieden. Der letzte Abschnitt f\ufchrt Kapitel 2 und 3 schlussendlichen zusammen und besch\ue4ftigt sich mit der Umsetzung der unionsrechtlichen Bestimmungen im \uf6sterreichischen Recht. Dar\ufcber hinaus werden aufgetretene Unionsrechtswidrigkeiten gesondert hervorgehoben und cberlegungen angestellt, wie allf\ue4llige Widerspr\ufcche zum Unionsrecht vom \uf6sterreichischen Gesetzgeber beseitigt werden k\uf6nnen.The diploma thesis deals with the taxation of business transfers among living or by reason of death in the Value Added Tax Law considering the Union Law and especially the Directive on the common system of value added tax.The diploma thesis begins with a description of union law considering business transfers. Moreover this chapter deals with the relevant judicature of the European Court of Justice and discusses wheter they are relevant for Austria or not.The next part deals with the taxation of business transfers in the Austrian value added tax law. The topic is devided into several types of business transfers, for example business transfers with purchase prices, gratuitous business transfers, and business transfers by reason of death.The last part combines chapter 2 and 3 and deals with the implementation of Union Law to Austrian Law. Moreover violation of Union Law will be pointed out. The diploma thesis closes with considerations how to eliminate the violations of Union Law.von Heidrun UrthalerAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 201