Investigation of the Effect of the Temperature of Intake Air on the Economy and Torque of a Gasoline Engine

The object of this investigation is to make a study of the effect, on the economy and torque of a gasoline motor, of heating the air going to the carburetor. The knowledge gained from such an investigation is of considerable importance and might be used in determining the temperature at which to supply air to the carburetor of a motor in order to get the best results under its working conditions. General practice indicates that a motor will run more smoothly and first regularly when the temperature of the intake air is 150 degrees or more. The theory is that up to a certain point, the economy becomes better with increasing air temperatures. The brake horsepower, however, falls off as the temperature is raised. Assuming then that we have an unlimited heating source, it is our purpose to find the best temperature to use in order to obtain the highest economy without seriously reducing the torque. Also the effects at various loads and speeds will be considered. With the poor grade of gasoline now being supplied, this investigation should be of the utmost value

Bisector and zero-macrospin co-rotational systems for shell elements

A principal issue in any co-rotational approach for large displacement analysis of plates and shells is associated with the specific choice of the local reference system in relation to the current deformed element configuration. Previous approaches utilised local co-rotational systems, which are invariant to nodal ordering, a characteristic that is deemed desirable on several fronts; however, the associated definitions of the local reference system suffered from a range of shortcomings, including undue complexity, dependence on the local element formulation and possibly an asymmetric tangent stiffness matrix. In this paper, new definitions of the local co-rotational system are proposed for quadrilateral and triangular shell elements, which achieve the invariance characteristic to the nodal ordering in a relatively simple manner and address the aforementioned shortcomings. The proposed definitions utilise only the nodal coordinates in the deformed configuration, where two alternative definitions, namely, bisector and zero-macrospin definitions, are presented for each of quadrilateral and triangular finite elements. In each case, the co-rotational transformations linking the local and global element entities are presented, highlighting the simplicity of the proposed approach. Several numerical examples are finally presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and relative accuracy of the alternative definitions proposed for the local co-rotational system

The mechanical performance of repaired stiffened panels. Part II. Finite element modelling

ABSTRACT In this paper the finite element modelling under compressive static load of I-section stiffened panels is reported. A pristine panel is compared with panels containing simulated damage and repaired panels. Predicted stiffness, stress distributions and strength of the panels are compared with experimental results

Context-driven research on and for multilingual learners: Developing and disseminating a research agenda for international education

The publications submitted as the body of research for this PhD by Published Work are the result of four research projects, spanning 20 years of work over four continents with families, organisations, and schools. At the heart, they tell the story of a journey from practitioner to mentor researcher, from insider to outsider to inbetweener researcher, and from academic writer to blogger and back again, all through a programme of research designed to help parents and educators support bilingual children. In practical terms, they offer insight into the school change process for supporting bilingual learners, whether it be through programme structure, curricula, or pedagogy, The four research projects are focused on different aspects of second language acquisition research, in homes and in schools. The publications stemming from the research projects include one book, five peer-reviewed book chapters, and one peer-reviewed journal article. The choice of media for publications is connected to my continuing efforts to make research accessible and useful for the participants themselves and for the wider education field. The projects are connected to each other through their thematic links to second language acquisition and are designed to create situation-specific understanding about how families and schools can best support the development of bilingualism. They are also linked by an emerging focus on case study methodology, by my hybrid role as a teacher-consultant-researcher-mentor and by my positioning as an inbetweener researcher in the organisations I collaborate with professionally. This thesis, and the publications submitted with it, represent a significant portion of the current research on linguistic diversity in families and schools in international contexts. They offer various stakeholders empirically based models of support for multilingualism in development, and a more ethical way forward for international education

Polar decomposition based corotational framework for triangular shell elements with distributed loads

A polar decomposition based corotational formulation for deriving geometrically nonlinear triangular shell elements is proposed. This formulation is novel in two aspects. (1) Original formulas for the projector operator and its variation are presented, leading to simple algorithms for the computation of the nodal residual vector and of the consistent tangent stiffness tensor. (2) For the first time in the context of a corotational kinematic description, a rigorous treatment of distributed dead and follower loads is performed, thoroughly accounting for the various contributions entailed in the residual vector and in the tangent stiffness. Numerical simulations of popular benchmark problems are reported, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. An accessible and adaptable MATLAB toolkit implementing the present formulation is provided as supplementary material