Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and triphenylamine-based hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells

Heterocyclic compounds have played significant roles in achieving high performance as hole transport materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cell (PSC) applications. Various studies have focused on the development of fused heterocyclic conjugated structures for hole transport materials. In this report, three novel π-extended conjugated materials (M1-M3), based on thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) and 4,4′-dimethoxytriphenylamine [TPA(OMe)2], were designed and successfully synthesized via Palladium (0) catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. Their optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties were investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and thermal analysis. The materials were utilized as hole transport materials in p-i-n architecture perovskite solar cells, which displayed performances of open-circuit voltage (Voc) as high as 1,050 mV, a maximum short-circuit current (Jsc) of 16,9 mA/cm2, a maximum fill factor (FF) of 29.3%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.20%. This work demonstrated that thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and TPA(OMe)2-based structures are promising cores for high-performance hole transport materials in perovskite solar cell architecture

Türkiye’de erkek hemşire imgesi

Aim: This study has been conducted to determine men nurse image of the society. Methods: The study that was conducted in cross-sectional design was realized on 1482 persons. Questionnaire that is prepared by researchers were filled by discussing with cases face-to-face. Average, percentage methods were used in evaluation of data.Results: Age year average of cases within the scope of the research is 31.74 (SD=10.37, Minimum=18, Maximum=65) type and 56% woman and 43.5% is graduated from high school. 71.4% cases stated that they knew that men were able to work as nurse in Turkey; 62.6% stated that nursing was a profession to be performed both by women and men; 18.2% stated that only women had to take place in nursing profession; 71.7% stated that success of nurses in practice was more important than gender; 52.5% stated that men nurses would not lead any change in the profession; 31.4% stated that men nurses would not contribute in development of social status of nursing; 45.6% stated that men nurses had to work in every field in hospital environment, 39.7% stated that they had to work in fields such as intensive care, operating theatre and emergency department. 16.6% cases stated that they would be ashamed of care by men nurse, 15.9% cases stated that they would hesitate and 15.4% cases stated that they would be surprised. Conclusions: Men nurse image in Turkey is generally positive. However, a positive point of view against men nurses by all the society should be ensured. For this purpose, the society should be informed that profession and gender are not factors that affect quality of nursing care.Amaç: Bu çalışma, toplumun erkek hemşire imgesini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Yöntem: Kesitsel türde yapılan bu çalışma, 1482 kişi üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan soru formu, bireyler ile yüz yüze görüşülerek dolduruldu. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ortalama, yüzdelik yöntemleri kullanıldı.Bulgular: Bireylerin yaş yılı ortalamasının 31.74 (SS=10.37, Minimum=18, Maksimum=65), %56’sının kadın, %43.5’inin lise mezunu olduğu saptandı. Bireylerin %71.4’ü Türkiye’de erkeklerin de hemşirelik yapabileceğini bildiğini; %62.6’sı hemşireliğin hem kadınların hem de erkeklerin yapabileceği bir meslek olduğunu; %18.2’si hemşirelik mesleğinde sadece kadınların olması gerektiğini; %71.7’si hemşirelerin uygulamalardaki başarısının cinsiyetten daha önemli olduğunu; %52.5’i erkek hemşirelerin, meslekte herhangi bir değişime yol açmayacağını; %31.4’ü erkek hemşirelerin, hemşireliğin toplumsal statüsünün gelişmesine katkı sağlamayacağını; %45.6’sı erkek hemşirelerin, hastane ortamında her alanda, %39.7’si yoğun bakım, ameliyathane ve acil gibi alanlarda çalışması gerektiğini ifade etti. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamına alınan bireylerin %16.6’sı erkek hemşirenin bakım vermesinden utanacağını, %15.9’u çekineceğini, %15.4’ü şaşıracağını söyledi. Sonuç ve Öneri: Türkiye’de erkek hemşire imgesi genelde olumlu yöndedir. Fakat tüm toplumun erkek hemşireye bakış açısının olumlu olması sağlanmalıdır. Bu amaçla, toplum, cinsiyetin hemşirelik bakımının kalitesini etkileyen bir faktör olmadığı konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir

Indium rich InGaN solar cells grown by MOCVD

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This study focuses on both epitaxial growths of InxGa1-xN epilayers with graded In content, and the performance of solar cells structures grown on sapphire substrate by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The high resolution X-ray and Hall Effect characterization were carried out after epitaxial InGaN solar cell structures growth. The In content of the graded InGaN layer was calculated from the X-ray reciprocal space mapping measurements. Indium contents of the graded InGaN epilayers change from 8.8 to 7.1 % in Sample A, 15.7-7.1 % in Sample B, and 26.6-15.1 % in Sample C. The current voltage measurements of the solar cell devices were carried out after a standard micro fabrication procedure. Sample B exhibits better performance with a short-circuit current density of 6 mA/cm(2), open-circuit voltage of 0.25 V, fill factor of 39.13 %, and the best efficiency measured under a standard solar simulator with one-sun air mass 1.5 global light sources (100 mW/cm(2)) at room temperature for finished devices was 0.66 %

Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey

Citation: Yilmaz, H., Altan, E., Cizmecigil, U. Y., Gurel, A., Ozturk, G. Y., Bamac, O. E., . . . Turan, N. (2016). Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey. Avian Diseases, 60(3), 596-602. doi:10.1637/11346-120915-Reg.1The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of AvCoV-IBV by analysis of the S1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of Turkey. AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. In addition, AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in the tracheas 27/30 (90%), lungs 31/49 (62.2%), caecal tonsils 7/22 (31.8%), and kidneys 4/49 (8.1%) of broiler flocks examined. Pathologic lesions, hemorrhages, and mononuclear infiltrations were predominantly observed in tracheas and to a lesser extent in the lungs and a few in kidneys. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S1 sequences of the detected AvCoV-IBVs (including isolates) revealed that 1) viruses detected in five broiler flocks were similar to the IBV vaccines Ma5, H120, M41; 2) viruses detected in 24 broiler flocks were similar to those previously reported from Turkey and to Israel variant-2 strains; 3) viruses detected in seven layer flocks were different from those found in any of the broiler flocks but similar to viruses previously reported from Iran, India, and China (similar to Israel variant-1 and 4/91 serotypes); and 4) that the AVCoV-IBV, Israeli variant-2 strain, found to be circulating in Turkey appears to be undergoing molecular evolution. In conclusion, genetically different AvCoV-IBV strains, including vaccine-like strains, based on their partial S1 sequence, are circulating in broiler and layer chicken flocks in Turkey and the Israeli variant-2 strain is undergoing evolution. © 2016 American Association of Avian Pathologists

The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and a field survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a fatal infection, but no clinical case due to AP92 strain was reported. We described the first clinical case due to AP92 like CCHFV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case infected by a AP92 like CCHFV was detected in Balkanian part of Turkey. Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. A human serologic and tick survey studies were performed in the region, where the case detected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirty eight individuals out of 741 were found to be anti CCHFV IgM positive. The attack rate for overall CCHFV was calculated as 5.2%. In univariate analyses, CCHFV IgM positivity was found to be associated with the age (p < 0.001), male gender (p = 0.001), agricultural activity (p = 0.036), and history of tick bite (p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, older age (OR: 1.03, CI:1.01–1.05, p < 0.001), male gender were found to be the risk factors (OR: 2.5, CI:1.15–5.63, p = 0.020) for CCHFV infection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This is the first human case with AP92 like CCHFV infection. Furthermore, this is the first report of AP92 like strain in Turkey. In the region, elderly males carry the highest risk for CCHFV infection.</p

Safety and efficacy of PNL vs RIRS in the management of stones located in horseshoe kidneys: A critical comparative evaluation

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of two different techniques (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) vs Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS)) in the management of stones in patients with horseshoe kidneys (HSK). Patients and methods: Departmental files of 88 cases with radiopaque kidney stones in horseshoe kidneys undergoing two different approaches (PNL vs RIRS) were evaluated with respect to the success and complication rates of in a retrospective manner. In addition to the factors related with the procedures (success and complication rates, additional procedures), patient and stone characteristics were all well evaluated. Findings obtained in both groups were evaluated in a comparative manner with respect to the statistical significance. Results: Stone free rates were comparable in both groups after 1-week period (81.6% PNL vs 80% RIRS). As well as 3 months evaluation (84.2% PNL and 82.0% RIRS). The percentage of the cases with residual fragments (> 4 mm) were similar in both groups and while all PNL procedures were completed in one session, mean number of RIRS sessions was higher (1.22 ± 0.05). Mean duration of the procedure was slightly higher in RIRS group and based on Clavien scoring system, despite a higher risk of Hb drop noted in patients treated with PNL, all complication rates were found to be similar in both groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that of the available minimally invasive treatment alternatives, both PNL and RIRS could be safe and effective alternatives for renal stone removal in patients with HSK

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS