Self-Centered Management Skills and Knowledge Appropriation by Students in High Schools and Private Secondary Schools of the City of Maroua

Knowledge in its process of appropriation necessitates on the part of the learner, the mobilization of an efficient management strategy of adapted competencies. The present article in its problematic presents the theorical perspective of Desaunay (1985) which estimates that three fundamental competences (relational, technical and affective) have to be mobilized by a learner. The methodology is the inductive-hypothetical-deductive one. The questionnaire, guided interview and observation were used to collected data from 250 students of Government bilingual high school and College Siddi Djaouro both of Maroua town (Cameroun). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyze data. The Chi square test was also use to analyze data inferentially.  From the study and the findings obtained, it could be concluded that there is a significant correlation between self-centered management of competences and the appropriateness of knowledge. Keywords: Self-centered management, competence, appropriation, and knowledge

Gestion du stress, régulation de la charge cognitive et rendement professionnel des Conseillers d’Orientation des lycées et collèges de Maroua (Cameroun)

Le présent article examine la relation entre la gestion du stress, la régulation de la charge cognitive et le rendement professionnel des Conseillers d’Orientation (CO). Il se fonde sur le constat du rendement professionnel non optimal observé chez les CO, dû à la mauvaise gestion du stress et à la surcharge de travail dans certains Lycées et Collèges d’enseignement secondaire de la ville de Maroua. De ce constat, le présent travail s’est posé une question principale, celle de savoir si la gestion du stress, combinée à la régulation de la charge cognitive, influence le rendement professionnel des CO. En référence à cette question, l’hypothèse générale suivante a été formulée : la gestion du stress, associée à la régulation de la charge cognitive, influence le rendement professionnel des Conseillers d’Orientation. 37 Conseillers d’Orientation issus de lycées, de collège et de départements ont participé aux observations. Ils ont été soumis à un questionnaire et à des entretiens semi-directifs. Les résultats obtenus montrent une influence significative entre la gestion du stress, la régulation de la charge cognitive et le rendement professionnel des Conseillers d’Orientation. Ces résultats confortent les conclusions des auteurs tels que Hoel, Sparks & Cooper (2001) et Verhoeven, Maes, Kraaij & Joekes (2003). Ces résultats devraient attirer l’attention des décideurs politiques, administratifs et des systèmes éducatifs, et cela pour une plus grande efficacité des établissements scolaires, mais également pour le bien-être des Conseillers d’orientation, et au-delà des travailleurs du secteur de l’Education-Formation. The present study examined the relationship between stress management, cognitive load regulation and guidance counsellor (GC) professional performance. It was based on the observation of non-optimal professional performance noted from the guidance counsellor, due to poor stress management and overwork in some high schools and colleges of secondary education in Maroua. From this observation, the present work asked a main question, that of knowing whether stress management, associated with regulation of cognitive load, influences career counsellor’s professional performance. In reference to this question, one general hypothesis has been formulated: Stress management, associated with regulation of cognitive load, influences Guidance counsellors’ professional performance. 37 Career Counsellors from high schools, colleges and departments participated in the observations. They were subjected to a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results obtained show a significant influence between the management of stress, the regulation of cognitive load and the professional performance of Guidance Counsellors. These results support the conclusions of authorssuch as Hoel, Sparks & Cooper (2001) and Verhoeven, Maes, Kraaij & Joekes (2003). These results should draw the attention of political, administrative and educational authorities, and this for greater efficiency in educational establishments, but also for guidance counsellor’s well-being, and beyond workers in the Education-Training domain

L’erreur au service de l’écriture des noms et des constructions associatives nom +nom en langue ndaꞋndaꞋ

Résumé : Dans le processus de maturation de l’être humain et celui de son épanouissement intellectuel, la connaissance est d’une importance notoire. C’est pourquoi que le présent article s’intitule l’erreur au service de l’écriture des noms et des constructions associatives nom+ nom en langue ndaꞋ ndaꞋ. De ce sujet, la problématique abordée est celle de savoir comment mettre l’erreur au service de l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues camerounaises? Notre hypothèse est: l’erreur est un outil pour l’enseignement des langues camerounaises et plus spécifiquement pour l’enseignement des noms et des constructions associatives nom+nom en langue ndaꞋ ndaꞋ. La téorie qui a guidé cet étude est le contructivisme. Il nous a permis de comprendre le processus d’apprentissage et , la perception de l’erreur dans l’enseignement. En s’appuyant sur un corpus, nous avons mené une analyse linguistique qui nous a permi de comprendre la cause des erreurs commises par les locuteurs ndaꞋ ndaꞋ en ce qui concerne l’écriture des noms et des constructions associatives nom + nom et une analyse didactique qui nous a permi de voir comment l’erreur peut être utilisé pour enseigner écriture les noms et constructions associatives nom+ nom en ndaꞋ ndaꞋ . Les résultats sont: les erreurs commises par les locuteurs de la langue ndaꞋ ndaꞋ sont orthographiques et grammaticales car ils ne maîtrisent pas le système d’écriture en langue camerounaise ni l’alphabet ndaꞋ ndaꞋ. Ils sont influencés par la langue française. Pour remédier à cela, nous avons enoncé un nombre de règles qui régissent l’écriture des noms et constructions associatives nom + nom en ndaꞋ ndaꞋ qui sont les suivantes: la langue ndaꞋndaꞋ est une langue à ton. La langue ndaꞋ ndaꞋ a un système d’écriture constitué de 35 lettres dont 09 voyelles et 26 consonnes. Pour ce qui est des constructions associatives nom+ nom, avec marqueur associatif haut, les déterminés appartiennent aux classes 2,3,4,5,6. Quand il est de ton bas, le déterminé appartient aux classes 1et 7. Ce qui nous a permis d’affirmer que l’erreur est une source de connaissances bénéfiques pour l’apprenant de la langue ndaꞋ ndaꞋ. Mots-clés: erreur, enseignement/apprentissage, nom, construction associative, langue ndaꞋndaꞋ

Factors that trigger the structuring process of Management Control in SMEs : An analysis based on the theory of growth thresholds: Facteurs déclencheurs du processus de structuration du contrôle de gestion dans les PME : Une analyse sous le prisme de la théorie des seuils de croissance

The question of when to introduce management control (MC or CDG in french) as a management tool has arisen in recent years in  SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa in view of the difficulties they face during the launch phase and to initiate growth.  Thorough studies of 8 Cameroonian SMEs tend to show that, contrary to what the growth threshold theory suggests, the factors that favour the structuring of CDG in SMEs are not only linked to the increase in size, the  age of the company or the number of entity or agency.  This article shows that the need for the structuring of the CDG in the Cameroonian SME arises when it faces irrational staff behaviour, during the deployment of the strategy and the implementation of innovations. Résumé : La question du moment de l’introduction du contrôle de gestion (CDG) comme outil de pilotage se pose avec acuité ces dernières années dans les PME en Afrique subsaharienne au regard des difficultés qu’elles font face lors de la phase de lancement et pour amorcer la croissance. Une étude exploratoire approfondie de 8 PME camerounaises, tend à démontrer que contrairement à ce que suggèrent la théorie des seuils de croissances, les facteurs qui favorisent la structuration du CDG dans les PME ne sont pas uniquement liés à l’augmentation de la taille, l’âge de l’entreprise ou le nombre d’entité ou d’agence. Cet article montre que la nécessité de la structuration du CDG dans la PME camerounaise s’impose quand celle-ci fait face aux comportements irrationnels du personnel, lors du déploiement de la stratégie et de l’implémentation des innovations. Mots- clés : Structuration, contrôle de gestion, PME, seuil de croissance, contrôles informels,&nbsp

Composite structures journal «National Geographic Ukraine»: compliance with existing norms

У статті з’ясовуються особливості системи рубрикації у науково-популярному журналі «National Geographic. Україна». Досліджуються переваги та недоліки, прийоми та засоби рубрикації. Аналізуються особливості видання та їх вплив на графічне, композиційне та смислове виконання рубрик.This article presents aspects of editorial classification systems of «National Geographic. Ukraine» popular science journal. Benefits and drawbacks, methods and tools of editorial classification are explored here. Author analyzes edition features, their influence on visual, compositional and semantic composition of sections

Mixtures of nonparametric autoregressions

We consider data generating mechanisms which can be represented as mixtures of finitely many regression or autoregression models.We propose nonparametric estimators for the functions characterising the various mixture components based on a local quasi maximum likelihood approach and prove their consistency. We present an EM algorithm for calculating the estimates numerically which is mainly based on iteratively applying common local smoothers and discuss its convergence properties. © American Statistical Association and Taylor & Francis 2011.postprin

Xenopus pitx3 target genes lhx1 and xnr5 are identified using a novel three-fluor flow cytometry–based analysis of promoter activation and repression

Background: Pitx3 plays a well understood role in directing development of lens, muscle fiber, and dopaminergic neurons; however, in Xenopus laevis, it may also play a role in early gastrulation and somitogenesis. Potential downstream targets of pitx3 possess multiple binding motifs that would not be readily accessible by conventional promoter analysis. Results: We isolated and characterized pitx3 target genes lhx1 and xnr5 using a novel three-fluor flow cytometry tool that was designed to dissect promoters with multiple binding sites for the same transcription factor. This approach was calibrated using a known pitx3 target gene, Tyrosine hydroxylase. Conclusions: We demonstrate how flow cytometry can be used to detect gene regulatory changes with exquisite precision on a cell-by-cell basis, and establish that in HEK293 cells, pitx3 directly activates lhx1 and represses xnr5

The EYA Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Is Pro-Angiogenic and Is Inhibited by Benzbromarone

Eyes Absents (EYA) are multifunctional proteins best known for their role in organogenesis. There is accumulating evidence that overexpression of EYAs in breast and ovarian cancers, and in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, correlates with tumor growth and increased metastasis. The EYA protein is both a transcriptional activator and a tyrosine phosphatase, and the tyrosine phosphatase activity promotes single cell motility of mammary epithelial cells. Since EYAs are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and cell motility is a critical feature of angiogenesis we investigated the role of EYAs in this process. Using RNA interference techniques we show that EYA3 depletion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells inhibits transwell migration as well as Matrigel-induced tube formation. To specifically query the role of the EYA tyrosine phosphatase activity we employed a chemical biology approach. Through an experimental screen the uricosuric agents Benzbromarone and Benzarone were found to be potent EYA inhibitors, and Benzarone in particular exhibited selectivity towards EYA versus a representative classical protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B. These compounds inhibit the motility of mammary epithelial cells over-expressing EYA2 as well as the motility of endothelial cells. Furthermore, they attenuate tubulogenesis in matrigel and sprouting angiogenesis in the ex vivo aortic ring assay in a dose-dependent fashion. The anti-angiogenic effect of the inhibitors was also demonstrated in vivo, as treatment of zebrafish embryos led to significant and dose-dependent defects in the developing vasculature. Taken together our results demonstrate that the EYA tyrosine phosphatase activity is pro-angiogenic and that Benzbromarone and Benzarone are attractive candidates for repurposing as drugs for the treatment of cancer metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and vasculopathies

A Drosophila-centric view of protein tyrosine phosphatases

AbstractMost of our knowledge on protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) is derived from human pathologies and mouse knockout models. These models largely correlate well with human disease phenotypes, but can be ambiguous due to compensatory mechanisms introduced by paralogous genes. Here we present the analysis of the PTP complement of the fruit fly and the complementary view that PTP studies in Drosophila will accelerate our understanding of PTPs in physiological and pathological conditions. With only 44 PTP genes, Drosophila represents a streamlined version of the human complement. Our integrated analysis places the Drosophila PTPs into evolutionary and functional contexts, thereby providing a platform for the exploitation of the fly for PTP research and the transfer of knowledge onto other model systems