Revolutionizing Herbal Medicine: Exploring Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract. Introduction: Traditional herbal medicine has been practiced for centuries and continues to play a significant role in healthcare systems worldwide. However, the efficacy and therapeutic potential of herbal remedies can be limited due to various factors such as poor bioavailability, instability, and non-specific targeting. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and revolutionize the field of herbal medicine. This review explores the application of nano drug delivery systems in enhancing the effectiveness of herbal therapeutics.  The utilization of nanotechnology in the context of herbal medicine involves the design and development of nano-sized carriers that can encapsulate and deliver herbal bioactive compounds to the target sites in a controlled and targeted manner. Various types of nanocarriers, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have been extensively investigated for their potential in improving the bioavailability, stability, and controlled release of herbal compounds.  The integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine offers several advantages, including enhanced solubility, protection against degradation, prolonged circulation time, and specific targeting to diseased tissues or cells. Furthermore, nano drug delivery systems can also facilitate the combination of multiple herbal ingredients, enabling synergistic effects and customized therapeutic approaches.  This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in nano drug delivery systems for herbal medicine, highlighting their potential applications in various therapeutic areas, such as cancer treatment, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, challenges and future perspectives regarding the clinical translation of these nanotechnological approaches are discussed.  In conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine holds great promise in revolutionizing the field of healthcare. The development of efficient and targeted nano drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of herbal remedies, leading to improved patient outcomes and the potential for personalized medicine. Further research and collaborations between scientists, herbalists, and clinicians are needed to unlock the full potential of nano drug delivery systems in herbal medicine. Keywords: Revolutionizing, Herbal medicine, Nano drug delivery systems, Bioavailability, Stability, Nanotechnology, Nanocarriers, Liposomes, Polymeric nanoparticles, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Nanoemulsion

Speech Analysis and Feature Extraction using SCILAB

Volume 1 Issue 1 (March 2013

Ferromagnetism at room temperature in ball-milled Al-1at.%Fe

839-841Iron nano particles have been embedded in an aluminium matrix through high energy ball milling. The Mössbauer spectrum of the as-milled sample at room temperature shows the presence of a magnetic hyperfine sextet, a paramagnetic singlet and a quadrupole doublet with relative areas of nearly 78, 16 and 6%, respectively. The value of the hyperfine field for the sextet corresponds to that of ⍺-Fe. The quadrupole component, which is indicative of formation of an Al-rich solid solution, is broad with a width of 0.73 mm/s indicating a distribution in the quadrupole fields. The value of the average splitting is 0.5mm/s and isomer shift (IS) equal to 0.49mm/s with respect to metallic iron. M-H measurements show that the unmilled system is non-magnetic while the milled system of 30 min is ferromagnetic and exhibits very soft magnetic properties. Unreacted Fe clusters embedded at the nano-crystalline Al grain boundaries seem to be responsible for the observed net magnetic moment

Hyperfine fields in nano particles of Cr₀․₂₅Co₀․₂₅Zn₀․₅Fe₂O₄

830-833Nano particles of Cr substituted cobalt zinc ferrite (Cr₀․₂₅Co₀․₂₅Zn₀․₅Fe₂O₄) were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation technique. Particles of average crystallite sizes varying from 5 to 23 nm were obtained by controlling the annealing temperature during preparation. Fe-57 Mössbauer studies at room temperature showed that samples with particle sizes smaller than 10nm were superparamagnetic while those with bigger particle sizes showed the co-existence of a ferrimagnetic phase with a superparamagnetic one. Mössbauer spectra recorded at 25 K for the smallest sized sample showed well defined sextets with hyperfine fields of 520 kOe and 484 kOe corresponding to the A and B sites

COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHIC METHODS (THE GILSANZ AND RATIBIN ATLAS AND TANNER-WHITEHOUSE 2 AND 3) OF BONE AGE ASSESSMENT WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

Introduction: Bone age assessment (BAA) can play an important role in legal and medical contexts. It can help determine a person’s legal rights and responsibilities, and can also be used to estimate their chronological age (CA) when accurate birth records are not available. BAA is used in situations such as identification, employment, criminal responsibility, judicial punishment, consent for marriage, and in sports competitions. In addition, it can also be used in cases where there is a need to estimate CA, such as during immigration or in conditions where birth records are not available. Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, and written consent was obtained from both children and their parents before participating in the study. Patients were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A data collection form was created for each participant. X-rays of the left hand and wrist were taken for all children referred to the X-ray Department at Sahyadri Speciality Hospital in Pune. The CA of the child was determined by their date of birth, and the bone age (BA) was assessed using radiographic methods. Result: The Bland–Altman plot is a statistical tool used to compare the agreement between two methods of measurement, in this case, the CA and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW3) methods for BAA. The results of the comparison showed a statistically significant agreement between the TW3 method and the GR atlas. Conclusion: The TW2 method is not reliable for BAA. However, the TW3 method is considered reliable for assessing BA in older male children (ages 105–192 months) and younger female children (ages 13–104 months). On the other hand, the GR atlas appears to be more effective for younger male children (ages 13–104 months) and older female children (ages 105–192 months). In addition, the TW3 method can be used in conjunction with the GR atlas for older female children

The comparison of the combined effect of preoperative diclofenac and precurarisation with atracurium on succinylcholine induced myalgia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double blinded randomised study

Background and Aims: Succinylcholine is the only available depolarizing neuromuscular blocker which was widely used in induction of anaesthesia and it is the drug of choice for rapid-sequence induction of anaesthesia due to its rapid onset of effect and ultra-short duration of action owing to its rapid hydrolysis by acetyl-cholinesterase. Post-operative muscle pain (myalgia) and muscle stiffness are the most common side effects and observed most frequently on the first postoperative day in ambulatory surgery. The use of succinylcholine in induction of anaesthesia and intubation in routine cases has been discouraged because of such adverse effects, however because of its cost effectiveness and easy availability it is still used by some institutions routinely. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy of pre-operative diclofenac along with atracurium precurarization alleviating succinylcholine-induced myalgia. Material and methods: It is a double blind randomised comparative study carried our in a tertiary care hospital. Study sample was 60 and divided in two equal groups. All data entered in MS-Excel Sheet and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was done for non-parametric data and one way ANOVA for parametric data. The normal distribution of study sample was tested by Shapiro Wilk test. Result and Conclusion: The incidence of fasciculation in the two groups were found to be significant with p < 0.00001. The results for incidence of myalgia in the two groups were as follows - p value at 24 hr was 0.00018 and at 48 hr was 0.0028 respectively. Creatine kinase levels at preoperative and 24 hr postoperative period were 49.47 ± 7.24 in group D , 53.30 ± 7.98 in group B and 87.38 ± 15.16 in group D , 188.41 ± 33.27 in group B respectively. Succinylcholine induced myalgia has a complex pathophysiology, however the pre-emptive use of diclofenac in combination with precurarization can alleviate the incidence and severity of succinylcholine induced myalgia. Therefore its use may be considered in routine cases for induction of anaesthesia for facilitating laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Electrochemical Post-Ugi Cyclization for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirolactams

The combination of the Ugi reaction and electro-organic synthesis can aid in the creation of novel heterocycles that have not been previously explored. In this study, a new strategy utilizing bis-amides from the Ugi reaction has been developed, which can produce C–S, C–Se, and C–CO functionalized five-membered spirolactams mediated by electricity under catalyst- and metal-free conditions. Notably, this approach can be applied using a microelectro-flow reactor (μ-EFR) for gram-scale synthesis. The described strategy can synthesize complex azaspiro-fused tricyclic scaffolds with high diastereo- and regioselectivity, highlighting its versatility and potential