Satellite-Derived Variability in Chlorophyll, Wind Stress, Sea Surface Height, and Temperature in the Northern California Current System

Satellite-derived data provide the temporal means and seasonal and nonseasonal variability of four physical and biological parameters off Oregon and Washington ( 41 degrees - 48.5 degrees N). Eight years of data ( 1998 - 2005) are available for surface chlorophyll concentrations, sea surface temperature ( SST), and sea surface height, while six years of data ( 2000 - 2005) are available for surface wind stress. Strong cross-shelf and alongshore variability is apparent in the temporal mean and seasonal climatology of all four variables. Two latitudinal regions are identified and separated at 44 degrees - 46 degrees N, where the coastal ocean experiences a change in the direction of the mean alongshore wind stress, is influenced by topographic features, and has differing exposure to the Columbia River Plume. All these factors may play a part in defining the distinct regimes in the northern and southern regions. Nonseasonal signals account for similar to 60 - 75% of the dynamical variables. An empirical orthogonal function analysis shows stronger intra-annual variability for alongshore wind, coastal SST, and surface chlorophyll, with stronger interannual variability for surface height. Interannual variability can be caused by distant forcing from equatorial and basin-scale changes in circulation, or by more localized changes in regional winds, all of which can be found in the time series. Correlations are mostly as expected for upwelling systems on intra-annual timescales. Correlations of the interannual timescales are complicated by residual quasi-annual signals created by changes in the timing and strength of the seasonal cycles. Examination of the interannual time series, however, provides a convincing picture of the covariability of chlorophyll, surface temperature, and surface height, with some evidence of regional wind forcing

Hemangioma lobular capilar lingual. Reporte de un caso

Lobular capillary hemangioma is an inflammatory hyperplasia in response to chronic irritation, resulting in an exophytic erythematous lesion due to proliferation of fibrovascular tissue. Intraorally, it can appear in any location, but it is more frequent in the gingival region. This article describes a case of a 38-year-old pregnant woman who attended the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at San José Hospital, presenting a tumoral lesion on the right lateral area of the tongue compatible with a lobular capillary hemangioma. The diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. The aim of this report is to specify the characteristics and treatment of a lesion with infrequent location.El hemangioma lobular capilar es una hiperplasia inflamatoria en respuesta a una irritación crónica, la cual da lugar a una lesión exofítica eritematosa debido a la proliferación de tejido fibrovascular. En la boca puede verse en cualquier ubicación, pero es más frecuente en la zona gingival.  Se reporta el caso clínico de una paciente embarazada de 38 años que consultó al equipo de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital San José al presentar una lesión tumoral compatible con hemangioma lobular capilar en cara lingual lateral derecha, diagnóstico confirmado con histopatología. El objetivo de este reporte es especificar características y tratamiento de dicha lesión con localización infrecuente

Effect of the Grijalva-Usumacinta system on the circulation adjacent to the eastern shelf of Yucatan

Turbidity is a good indicator to determine the quality of the water; it is a measure of the number of particles in suspension in the water. Using ocean color data, we analyzed the seasonal variability of turbidity in front of the Campeche Bank and part of the confluence zone of the coastal currents coming from the Tamaulipas-Veracruz and Campeche platforms [94°W-87.6°W and 18°N-24°N]. The extended platform has several river discharges that are strongly influenced by winds and the loop current coming from the Strait of Yucatan. 2003-2020 was analyzed using satellite images (reflectance, Chlorophyll, sea surface temperature, and altimetry), reanalyzed winds and discharges from the grijalva-usumacinta river system. We used seasonal climatologies, Hovmoller diagrams, and Orthogonal and Complex Empirical Functions to describe the data. In addition, through the “Coastal and Regional Ocean Community model-CROCO) the surface fields of Salinity and velocity were incorporated into the analysis. The results indicated that the seasonal turbidity and its intensification in autumn and winter on the western side of the Campeche platform are due mainly to the contribution of intense flows from the Grijalva-Usumacinta which is further dynamically mix in autumn by the southwest winds, the cyclonic gyres, and the return currents. In spring-summer, the same forcing persists; however, the turbidity decreases due to the ineffectiveness of the intense zonal winds to produce Ekman transport

Numero de años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su asociación con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: Un estudio transversal

Introduction: The average life expectancy, as well as the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is increasing worldwide. Population-based studies have demonstrated that the duration of T2D has been associated with cognitive impairment. However, despite the high prevalence of T2D and cognitive impairment in Chile, the association between years with T2D and suspicion of cognitive impairment has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between duration of T2D and suspicion of cognitive impairment in Chilean older adults. Material and Methods: 1,040 older adults aged ≥60 years from the Chilean National Health Survey (2009–2010) were included. Suspicion of cognitive impairment was assessed by the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The number of years with T2D was self-reported and categorised into four groups.  Poisson Regression analysis was used to assess the association between altered MMSE and the number of years with DM2, adjusted by potential confounders including socio-demographic, lifestyle, adiposity and health-related factors. Results: When the analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic factors, people who had T2D for 15 to 24 and ≥25 years had 2.2-times (95% CI: 1.07; 3.33) and 5.8-times (95% CI: 3.81; 11.0) higher relative risk (RR) of cognitive impairment, compared to those without T2D. When the analyses were additionally adjusted for lifestyle and health-related covariates, the RR for cognitive impairment was 1.76-times (95% CI: 1.02; 2.50) and 4.54-times (95% CI: 2.70; 6.38) higher for those who had T2D for 14-24 years and ≥25 years, respectively. Conclusions: Number of years with T2D was associated with suspicion of cognitive impairment. A longer duration of T2D was associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in the Chilean older population, independently of confounder factors included in the study.Introduction: La esperanza de vida está aumentando en todo el mundo, así como la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Estudios poblacionales han demostrado que la duración de la DM2 se ha asociado con el deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de DM2 y deterioro cognitivo en Chile, aún no se ha investigado la asociación entre años con DM2 y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre la duración de la diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2) y la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas. Métodos: Participaron 1.040 personas ≥60 años de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile (2009-2010). El deterioro cognitivo se evaluó mediante el Mini Examen del Estado Mental abreviado (MMSE). El número de años con DM2 fue categorizado en cuatro grupos. Para valorar la asociación entre MMSE alterado y el número de años con DM2, se utilizó una regresión de  Poisson, ajustados a posibles factores de confusión sociodemograficos, de estilos de vida, adiposidad y salud. Resultados: Cuando se ajustaron los análisis por factores sociodemográficos, las personas con 15 a 24 y ≥25 años con DM2 presentaron 2,2 veces (IC 95%: 1,07; 3,33) y 5,8 veces (IC 95%: 3,81; 11,0) riesgo relativo (RR) de deterioro cognitivo, en comparación con aquellas sin DM2. Luego de ajustar adicionalmente los análisis para las covariables relacionadas con el estilo de vida y la salud, el RR para deterioro cognitivo fue 1,76 veces (IC 95%: 1,02; 2,50) y 4,54 veces (IC 95%: 2,70; 6,38) más alto para aquellas personas con 14-24 y ≥25 años de DM2. Conclusiones: Se asoció el número de años con DM2 con la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Una mayor duración de la DM2 se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de deterioro cognitivo en la población mayor chilena

Satellite-derived variability in chlorophyll, wind stress, sea surface height, and temperature in the northern California Current System

Satellite-derived data provide the temporal means and seasonal and nonseasonal variability of four physical and biological parameters off Oregon and Washington (41°–48.5°N). Eight years of data (1998–2005) are available for surface chlorophyll concentrations, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface height, while six years of data (2000–2005) are available for surface wind stress. Strong cross-shelf and alongshore variability is apparent in the temporal mean and seasonal climatology of all four variables. Two latitudinal regions are identified and separated at 44°–46°N, where the coastal ocean experiences a change in the direction of the mean alongshore wind stress, is influenced by topographic features, and has differing exposure to the Columbia River Plume. All these factors may play a part in defining the distinct regimes in the northern and southern regions. Nonseasonal signals account for ∼60–75% of the dynamical variables. An empirical orthogonal function analysis shows stronger intra-annual variability for alongshore wind, coastal SST, and surface chlorophyll, with stronger interannual variability for surface height. Interannual variability can be caused by distant forcing from equatorial and basin-scale changes in circulation, or by more localized changes in regional winds, all of which can be found in the time series. Correlations are mostly as expected for upwelling systems on intra-annual timescales. Correlations of the interannual timescales are complicated by residual quasi-annual signals created by changes in the timing and strength of the seasonal cycles. Examination of the interannual time series, however, provides a convincing picture of the covariability of chlorophyll, surface temperature, and surface height, with some evidence of regional wind forcing

Review: Current concepts in computer-assisted hip arthroscopy.

In the last 15 years, hip arthroscopy has become increasingly popular in addressing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) because of its minimally invasive approach. However, assessing the adequacy of bone resection when correcting FAI can be difficult because visualisation and spatial awareness of the joint are poor. Recent advances in technology in the field of computer-assisted surgery and navigation and robotic surgery in orthopaedics as a resource for preoperative planning and intraoperative assistance have been widely reported. This technology is expected to upgrade surgical planning and operative techniques, decrease human error and improve patient outcomes by precisely defining the divergent anatomy and kinematics of the hip joint. This review attempts to bring the reader up-to-date with the current developments in the field of computer assisted hip arthroscopy, and discusses our experience with pre-operative planning, navigation and robotics and also provides a platform for future research in this arena

VISION - Vienna survey in Orion I. VISTA Orion A Survey

Stefan Meingast, et al., “VISION – Vienna survey in Orion”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 587, March 2016. This version of record is available online at:https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2016/02/aa26100-15/aa26100-15.html © ESO, 2016Orion A hosts the nearest massive star factory, thus offering a unique opportunity to resolve the processes connected with the formation of both low- and high-mass stars. Here we present the most detailed and sensitive near-infrared (NIR) observations of the entire molecular cloud to date. With the unique combination of high image quality, survey coverage, and sensitivity, our NIR survey of Orion A aims at establishing a solid empirical foundation for further studies of this important cloud. In this first paper we present the observations, data reduction, and source catalog generation. To demonstrate the data quality, we present a first application of our catalog to estimate the number of stars currently forming inside Orion A and to verify the existence of a more evolved young foreground population. We used the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) to survey the entire Orion A molecular cloud in the NIR $J, H$, and $K_S$ bands, covering a total of $\sim$18.3 deg$^2$. We implemented all data reduction recipes independently of the ESO pipeline. Estimates of the young populations toward Orion A are derived via the $K_S$-band luminosity function. Our catalog (799995 sources) increases the source counts compared to the Two Micron All Sky Survey by about an order of magnitude. The 90% completeness limits are 20.4, 19.9, and 19.0 mag in $J, H$, and $K_S$, respectively. The reduced images have 20% better resolution on average compared to pipeline products. We find between 2300 and 3000 embedded objects in Orion A and confirm that there is an extended foreground population above the Galactic field, in agreement with previous work. The Orion A VISTA catalog represents the most detailed NIR view of the nearest massive star-forming region and provides a fundamental basis for future studies of star formation processes toward Orion.Peer reviewe