Exploring possibilities of enhancing water use efficiency in potato: A review

Climate change threatens the global agriculture sustainability. Among different kinds of abiotic stresses, water stress is the most devastating component which curtails potato crop productivity. Our recent knowledge is limited concerning water stress tolerance and water use efficiency in potato. Many efforts are being made by the scientific community to reduce water use and to produce “more crop per drop”. This review elaborates quantitative and qualitative aspects of multiple stress mechanisms and their regulating system related to present scenario of water use efficiency (WUE) requirements. WUE can only be improved by using multidisciplinary promising research approaches like molecular breeding, high throughput genotyping, multi-gene transfer and bioinformatics applications to unleash the information needed to exploitation of required traits in potato

Effect of Spacing on Canopy Microclimate, Vegetative Growth and Yield Attributes in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of spacing on variation in canopy microclimate, vegetative growth and yield attributes in guava (cv. Allahabad Safeda). Oservations revealed that with wide plant spacing (from 6x2m to 6x4m), interception of solar radiation increased significantly. Similarly, with increase in spacing between plants, mean canopy temperature was need to increase while relative humidity decreased. Plant growth in terms of stock and scion girth, tree spread (N-S) and canopy volume increased with wide plant spacing, while tree height decreased with increase in plant spacing. Number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and fruiting density was higher at 6x5m and least in 6x2m spacing. Wider plant spacing was found to be better owing to maximum absorption of solar radiation and optimum microclimate in the orchard leading to better yield in plants, higher fruiting density and yield efficiency. However, yield/ha was maximum in 6x2m spacing during rainy season and in 6x3m spacing during winter

"The fruits of independence": Satyajit Ray, Indian nationhood and the spectre of empire

Challenging the longstanding consensus that Satyajit Ray's work is largely free of ideological concerns and notable only for its humanistic richness, this article shows with reference to representations of British colonialism and Indian nationhood that Ray's films and stories are marked deeply and consistently by a distinctively Bengali variety of liberalism. Drawn from an ongoing biographical project, it commences with an overview of the nationalist milieu in which Ray grew up and emphasizes the preoccupation with colonialism and nationalism that marked his earliest unfilmed scripts. It then shows with case studies of Kanchanjangha (1962), Charulata (1964), First Class Kamra (First-Class Compartment, 1981), Pratidwandi (The Adversary, 1970), Shatranj ke Khilari (The Chess Players, 1977), Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and Robertsoner Ruby (Robertson's Ruby, 1992) how Ray's mature work continued to combine a strongly anti-colonial viewpoint with a shifting perspective on Indian nationhood and an unequivocal commitment to cultural cosmopolitanism. Analysing how Ray articulated his ideological positions through the quintessentially liberal device of complexly staged debates that were apparently free, but in fact closed by the scenarist/director on ideologically specific notes, this article concludes that Ray's reputation as an all-forgiving, ‘everybody-has-his-reasons’ humanist is based on simplistic or even tendentious readings of his work

Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal

Design, Performance, and Calibration of the CMS Hadron-Outer Calorimeter

The CMS hadron calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with brass absorber and plastic scintillator tiles with wavelength shifting fibres for carrying the light to the readout device. The barrel hadron calorimeter is complemented with an outer calorimeter to ensure high energy shower containment in the calorimeter. Fabrication, testing and calibration of the outer hadron calorimeter are carried out keeping in mind its importance in the energy measurement of jets in view of linearity and resolution. It will provide a net improvement in missing \et measurements at LHC energies. The outer hadron calorimeter will also be used for the muon trigger in coincidence with other muon chambers in CMS

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

MATERIAL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF 3-D AND AXISYMMETRIC STRUCTURES (UNDER ARBITRARY LOADS) USING HYBRID STRESS FINITE ELEMENTS.

MATERIAL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF 3-D AND AXISYMMETRIC STRUCTURES (UNDER ARBITRARY LOADS) USING HYBRID STRESS FINITE ELEMENTS

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Not AvailableThis is Vol. XVII, No 1 issue of 'IASRI Statistical Newsletter' and covers the activities and allied information in respect of this Institute during the quarter January-March, 1991. This Newsletter has been proving useful to the Agricultural Research Statisticians and other users.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFresh potatoes are preferred for cooking over stored potatoes due to the superior taste of freshly harvested potatoes since with the increase in storage duration, quality as well as taste of potatoes are known to deteriorate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage (for 180 days at 4 °C and 12 °C) on concentration of flavouring compounds, particularly umami 5’ nucleotides viz. adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) along with changes in carbohydrates. AMP+GMP content ranged from 2.19 to 4.69 μg/g FW (fresh weight) in freshly harvested raw and microwaved tubers of 11 potato cultivars. The content of umami 5’ nucleotides increased to appreciable amounts during microwave cooking (3.52 to 8.92 μg/g FW). During storage at 4 and 12 °C, flavouring compounds ranged from 0.29 to 2.39 μg/g FW and 0.34 to 2.92 μg/g FW in raw tubers and from 0.91 to 5.64 μg/gFW and 2.00 to 4.28 μg/gFW in microwaved potatoes, respectively. On an average, there was 19% and 10% decrease in starch content whereas 112% and 69% increase in reducing sugars and 90% and 57% increase in sucrose content, at 4 °C and 12 °C storage, respectively. It is known that the quality and taste of potatoes deteriorates during storage due to starch hydrolysis leading to reducing sugar accumulation, but this study has revealed that it is not only the sugar accumulation but also the decrease in flavouring compounds viz. AMP+GMP which results in poor taste of stored potatoes. Hence, sugars accumulation and deterioration of flavouring compounds together leads to poor taste of stored potatoes.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFresh potatoes are preferred for cooking over stored potatoes due to the superior taste of freshly harvested potatoes since with the increase in storage duration, quality as well as taste of potatoes are known to deteriorate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage (for 180 days at 4 °C and 12 °C) on concentration of flavouring compounds, particularly umami 5’ nucleotides viz. adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) along with changes in carbohydrates. AMP+GMP content ranged from 2.19 to 4.69 μg/g FW (fresh weight) in freshly harvested raw and microwaved tubers of 11 potato cultivars. The content of umami 5’ nucleotides increased to appreciable amounts during microwave cooking (3.52 to 8.92 μg/g FW). During storage at 4 and 12 °C, flavouring compounds ranged from 0.29 to 2.39 μg/g FW and 0.34 to 2.92 μg/g FW in raw tubers and from 0.91 to 5.64 μg/gFW and 2.00 to 4.28 μg/gFW in microwaved potatoes, respectively. On an average, there was 19% and 10% decrease in starch content whereas 112% and 69% increase in reducing sugars and 90% and 57% increase in sucrose content, at 4 °C and 12 °C storage, respectively. It is known that the quality and taste of potatoes deteriorates during storage due to starch hydrolysis leading to reducing sugar accumulation, but this study has revealed that it is not only the sugar accumulation but also the decrease in flavouring compounds viz. AMP+GMP which results in poor taste of stored potatoes. Hence, sugars accumulation and deterioration of flavouring compounds together leads to poor taste of stored potatoes.Not Availabl