39 research outputs found

    Eficácia de intervenções imunomoduladoras para o tratamento da Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA)

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    A esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa que afeta as células nervosas responsáveis pelo controle dos músculos voluntários, resultando em fraqueza muscular e atrofia. Nesse contexto, as intervenções imunomoduladoras têm como objetivo modular a resposta imune do organismo, ao reduzir a inflamação e possibilitar a neuroproteção, a partir do uso de anticorpos monoclonais, inibidores de citocinas e moduladores do sistema imunológico. No entanto, a eficácia de tais intervenções no tratamento da ELA ainda é incerta. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia de intervenções imunomoduladoras para o tratamento da esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Para isso, foram selecionados cinco artigos que abordavam sobre a sua eficácia, por meio de uma estratégia de busca com recorte temporal entre 2017 e 2023, nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library e Embase. As intervenções imunomoduladoras, como o uso de inibidores de citocinas, têm demonstrado eficácia no tratamento da esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Além disso, há evidências de que a inflamação crônica pode estar envolvida em sua patogênese, o que sugere que a modulação do sistema imunológico pode ser uma abordagem terapêutica promissora. Em estudos clínicos recentes, a terapia com inibidores de citocinas mostrou-se capaz de reduzir a progressão da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com ELA. Ademais, há evidências que o uso de células-tronco pode melhorar o status funcional em pacientes com a doença. Entretanto, são necessários mais estudos, como ensaios clínicos randomizados e revisões sistemáticas com meta-análises, a fim de ratificar a eficácia das estratégias imunomoduladoras para a patologia

    Polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene are associated with the plasma levels of MBL and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in severe COVID-19

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    IntroductionMannose-binding lectin (MBL) promotes opsonization, favoring phagocytosis and activation of the complement system in response to different microorganisms, and may influence the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms with the plasma levels of MBL and inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19.MethodsBlood samples from 385 individuals (208 with acute COVID-19 and 117 post-COVID-19) were subjected to real-time PCR genotyping. Plasma measurements of MBL and cytokines were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThe frequencies of the polymorphic MBL2 genotype (OO) and allele (O) were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). The polymorphic genotypes (AO and OO) were associated with lower MBL levels (p< 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in patients with low MBL and severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). No association of polymorphisms, MBL levels, or cytokine levels with long COVID was observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that, besides MBL2 polymorphisms promoting a reduction in MBL levels and therefore in its function, they may also contribute to the development of a more intense inflammatory process responsible for the severity of COVID-19

    Search for dark photons in Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

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    A search is presented for a Higgs boson that is produced via vector boson fusion and that decays to an undetected particle and an isolated photon. The search is performed by the CMS collaboration at the LHC, using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 fb−1, recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is found. The results are interpreted in the context of a theoretical model in which the undetected particle is a massless dark photon. An upper limit is set on the product of the cross section for production via vector boson fusion and the branching fraction for such a Higgs boson decay, as a function of the Higgs boson mass. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, assuming the standard model production rates, the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction is 3.5 (2.8)%. This is the first search for such decays in the vector boson fusion channel. Combination with a previous search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a Z boson results in an observed (expected) upper limit on the branching fraction of 2.9 (2.1)% at 95% confidence level

    Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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    Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

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    Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

    Measurement of the Higgs boson production rate in association with top quarks in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons at s√=13TeV

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    The rate for Higgs (H) bosons production in association with either one (tH) or two (tt¯H) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. The analysis is aimed at events that contain H→WW, H→ττ, or H→ZZ decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among tH, tt¯H, and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the tt¯H and tH signals correspond to 0.92±0.19(stat)+0.17−0.13(syst) and 5.7±2.7(stat)±3.0(syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for tt¯H, and to 1.4 (0.3) for tH production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling yt of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, κt=yt/ySMt, is constrained to be within −0.9<κt<−0.7 or 0.7<κt<1.1, at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the tt¯H production rate to date.SCOAP

    Consumo alimentar segundo grau de processamento e sua associação com fatores de risco em adolescentes no município de Juiz de Fora, MG

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    Over the years, there has been an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods to the detriment of natural foods, especially among the younger population. These changes in eating patterns, with increased consumption of ultra-processed foods, have been associated with surgeries for several diseases, such as being overweight, metabolic changes and blood pressure. These changes, when present at an early age, can remain in adulthood. The objective of the study was to evaluate food consumption according to the degree of industrial food processing, as well as its association with risk factors in adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age in public schools in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. This is na epidemiological study, of cross-sectional design, including adolescents of both sexes, from public schools. Sociodemographic data (age, sex, education of parents and socioeconomic strata), anthropometric data (weight, height, neck and waist perimeter and body fat percentage by bipolar electrical bioimpedance), biochemical and clinical data (total cholesterol, HDL-c , LDL-c, triglycerides, fasting glycemia and systolic and diastolic blood pressure), behavioral (regular physical activity and screen time) and food consumption, through the application of two 24-hour food records. The foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification according to the degree of industrial processing: a) unprocessed or minimally processed foods, culinary ingredients and preparations based on these foods; b) processed foods; c) ultraprocessed foods. A Food Composition Table was used to estimate the energy and macronutrient contribution, the data being subsequently adjusted by the Multiple Source Method (MSM). 804 adolescents with a mean age of 16.1 ± 1.2 years, with a female predominance (57.5%, n = 462), were evaluated. If they declared themselves black / black or brown 62.4% (n = 497), 70.0% were eutrophic (n = 561) and with normal blood pressure levels (84.4%, n = 677). Only 16.5% (n = 133) practiced exercises for a time ≥ 420 minutes / week and 91.8% (n = 738) had screen time longer than two hours. The average caloric intake of the sample was 2137.66 ± 478.98 kcal; 43.1% came from unprocessed foods, 11.0% from processed foods and 45.9% from ultraprocessed foods. The participation of ultra-processed people was higher among female adolescents. Direct associations were found between consumption of ultra-processed foods and socioeconomic strata, screen time and HDL-c. Whereas, inverse associations were observed between the consumption of unprocessed food and the socioeconomic strata and serum HDL-c levels. High consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed among adolescents from public schools, being associated with several risk factors that favor negative health outcomes. The importance of carrying out actions and interventions that raise awareness about the adoption of healthy lifestyle is reinforcedAo longo dos anos, observa-se aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em detrimento dos alimentos in natura, principalmente entre a população mais jovem. Essas mudanças de padrões alimentares, com aumento do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados têm sido associadas ao surgimento de diversos agravos a saúde, como excesso de peso, alterações metabólicas e de pressão arterial. Essas alterações, quando presentes ainda em idade precoce, podem permanecer na vida adulta. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar segundo grau de processamento industrial de alimentos, bem como a sua associação com fatores de risco em adolescentes entre 14 e 19 anos de escolas públicas no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de delineamento transversal, incluindo adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de escolas públicas. Foram obtidos dados sociodemográficos, (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos responsáveis e estrato socioeconômico), antropométricos (peso, altura, perímetro do pescoço e cintura e percentual de gordura corporal por bioimpedância elétrica bipolar), bioquímicos e clínicos (colesterol total, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglicerídeos, glicemia de jejum e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), comportamentais (prática regular de atividade física e tempo de tela) e de consumo alimentar, através da aplicação de dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas. Os alimentos foram agrupados de acordo com a classificação NOVA segundo grau de processamento industrial: a) alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, ingredientes culinários e preparações a base desses alimentos; b) alimentos processados; c) alimentos ultraprocessados. Foi utilizada uma Tabela de Composição de Alimentos para a estimativa da contribuição energética e de macronutrientes, sendo os dados posteriormente ajustados pelo Multiple Source Method (MSM). Foram avaliados 804 adolescentes com média de idade de 16,1 ± 1,2 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino (57,5%, n=462). Se autodeclararam pretos/ negros ou pardos 62,4% (n=497), 70,0% encontravam-se em eutrofia (n=561) e com níveis pressóricos normais (84,4%, n=677). Apenas 16,5% (n=133) praticavam exercícios por tempo ≥ 420 minutos/semana e 91,8% (n=738) apresentaram tempo de tela superior a duas horas. A média de consumo calórico da amostra foi de 2137,66 ± 478,98 kcal; 43,1% eram provenientes de alimentos in natura, 11,0% de alimentos processados e 45,9% de alimentos ultraprocessados. A participação dos ultraprocessados foi maior entre as adolescentes do sexo feminino. Foram encontradas associações diretas entre consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o estrato socioeconômico, tempo de tela e a HDL-c. Ao passo que, foram observadas associações inversas entre o consumo de alimentos in natura e o estrato socioeconômico e níveis séricos de HDL-c. Foi observado elevado consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados entre adolescentes de escolas públicas, estando associado a diversos fatores de risco que favorecem a desfechos negativos a saúde. Reforça-se a importância da realização de ações e intervenções que conscientizem acerca da adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

    AVALIAÇÃO DOS ASPECTOS NUTRICIONAIS, DAS CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE E DO PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DE IDOSOS ATENDIDOS NO DEPARTAMENTO DE SAÚDE DO IDOSO - JUIZ DE FORA, MG.

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    O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as condições de saúde, aspectos nutricionais e o perfil sociodemográfico de idosos participantes do grupo de ginástica do Departamento de Saúde do Idoso no município de Juiz de Fora (MG), assim como, avaliar o risco nutricional e verificar associações. A amostra foi composta por 42 idosos com idade de 60 anos e mais, de ambos os gêneros. Foram aplicados três questionários, sendo eles com informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e de condições de saúde, de consumo alimentar e de risco nutricional. Na população estudada, 73,8% eram do sexo feminino (n=31). A média de idade das mulheres foi de 71,58 ± 6,87 anos e para os homens de 73,73 ± 6,81 anos. A média de IMC para as mulheres foi de 26,95 kg/m² e para os homens foi de 25,21 kg/m², ambos dentro da classificação de eutrofia. A maioria da população, 31% (n=13), relataram apresentar somente hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). O uso de três ou mais medicamentos diferentes por dia representou 64,28% da amostra, predominante no sexo feminino. Encontrou-se diferença significativa entre o consumo de carne vermelha com gordura (p=0,005), assim como, ao relacionar as variáveis sócio demográficas e risco nutricional, foram encontradas associações significativas para a variável raça (p=0,045). Encontramos também associações significativas entre as variáveis consumo de verdura/legume cozido (p=0,003), consumo de suco de fruta natural (p=0,049) e quanto ao tipo de leite consumido (p=0,049) com o risco nutricional. A frequência de risco nutricional atingiu 54,14% da população, entretanto o grupo demonstrou ter bons hábitos alimentares, eutrofia e prática de atividade física, condições e hábitos importantes para a melhoria dessa condição

    O cap vai à escola: Uma experiência com projetos integrados

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    To consolidate activities developed by the Extension & Research Project, “O CAp goes on the school”, as of this date actions cross-disciplinary, aiming to add up with another schools and with educational experiences from the communities of the spill from Federal University of Pernambuco, is our proposal. It was developed from the actions of the Integrated Projects, aiming to explore the problematic from the organization of the pedagogic work of the school work of various area educations; of exchange experiences of the tract of the knowledge of social & culture questions what they envelop the action educative; from make systematic of actions critical superadoras from the problems from classroom from school. The activities of I school, research extension were developed for a group multi-disciplinary of the College of Application for licensor of different areas of knowledge from UFPE. The experience with Projects integrated indicated possibilities of the tract cross-disciplinary on the actions exploratory from the questions socials & culture what they envelop the action educative.Consolidar atividades desenvolvidas pelo Projeto de Extensão e Pesquisa “O CAp vai à escola”, a partir de ações interdisciplinares, tendo, como objetivo, contribuir com outras escolas e com experiências educacionais, das comunidades do entorno da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, é nosso propósito. A proposta se desenvolveu a partir das ações de Projetos Integrados, com perspectiva de investigar as problemáticas da organização do trabalho pedagógico da escola e de outros espaços educativos; de trocar experiências do trato do conhecimento e das questões social e cultural que envolvem a ação educativa; de sistematizar ações crítico-superadoras dos problemas da sala de aula e da escola; sendo que as atividades de ensino, de pesquisa e de extensão foram desenvolvidas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, do Colégio de Aplicação e por licenciandos, de diversas áreas de conhecimento, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). A experiência com Projetos integrados apontou possibilidades do trato interdisciplinar nas ações investigativas e nas questões social e cultural que envolvem a ação educativa

    Conhecimento do tratamento de hiperfosfatemia e adesão às orientações nutricionais após intervenção em indivíduos em hemodiálise

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    Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia control is a challenge in the treatment of patients in hemodialysis, which is one of the main objectives to be reached. Nutritional accompaniment and practice of educational activities contribute to the success in the adhesion to the treatment. Objective: Describe, in individuals in hemodialysis, the knowledge of the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, as well as to evaluate the possible impact of nutritional orientations on phosphorus levels after nutritional intervention in participants of the program HD at the University Hospital in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG. Material e methods: Quasi-experimental study, of the before and after kind with 35 patients in hemodialysis treatment, with 18 years or more, of both sexes, in dialysis for, at least, two months and who have had, at least, one appointment with the nutritionist in this division. Sociodemographic and clinical data was collected from patient records and adapted reminder questionnaires of food frequency in the last 24 hours were applied for assessment of food intake, as well as multiple-choice questions about the knowledge of the causes of hyperphosphatemia, phosphorus-rich food and use of binders. The intervention was made through the use of an educational leaflet. After the intervention, phosphorus serum levels were verified, taking into consideration hyperphosphatemia values &gt;5,5 mg/dL. Results: In the sample, 57.1% (n=20) were male, with mean age of 61.8 ± 14.3 years and mean time in dialysis of 61.1 ± 68.9 months. The prevalence of hyperphosphatemia before the intervention had been of 60% (n=21) and at the end of the intervention there was a reduction to 25.7% (n=9). There was difference in the reduction of phosphorus serum levels when compared to the medians before and after the intervention [(5.9 ± 1.3 mg/dL; 4.9 ± 1.7 mg/dL; p&lt;0,001)]. Conclusion: The results showed that the educational intervention possibly contributed to a better understanding and treatment adherence, having a complementary role in the management of hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients.Introdução: O controle da hiperfosfatemia é um desafio no tratamento de pacientes hemodialíticos, sendo um dos principais objetivos a serem alcançados. O acompanhamento nutricional e a prática de atividades educativas contribuem para o sucesso na adesão ao tratamento. Objetivo: Descrever, em indivíduos em hemodiálise, o conhecimento do tratamento da hiperfosfatemia, bem como avaliar o possível impacto das orientações nutricionais nos níveis séricos de fósforo após intervenção nutricional em participantes do programa de HD no Hospital Universitário na cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG. Material e métodos: Estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois com 35 pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico, com 18 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, em diálise há, pelo menos, dois meses e que haviam passado por, pelo menos, uma consulta com a nutricionista do setor. Foram coletados do prontuário dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e aplicados questionário de frequência alimentar adaptado e recordatório 24h para avaliação do consumo alimentar, além de questões fechadas sobre o conhecimento das causas da hiperfosfatemia, alimentos ricos em fósforo e uso de quelantes. A intervenção foi realizada mediante a utilização de cartilha educativa. Após a intervenção foram verificados os níveis séricos de fósforo, considerando hiperfosfatemia valores &gt;5,5 mg/dL. Resultados: Na amostra, 57,1% (n=20) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 61,8 ± 14,3 anos e tempo médio em diálise de 61,1 ± 68,9 meses. A prevalência de hiperfosfatemia antes da intervenção era de 60% (n=21) e ao final da intervenção houve redução para 25,7% (n=9). Houve diferença na redução dos níveis séricos de fósforo quando comparadas as médias antes e depois da intervenção [(5,9 ± 1,3 mg/dL; 4,9 ± 1,7 mg/dL; p&lt;0,001)]. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a intervenção educativa possivelmente contribuiu para melhorar a compreensão e adesão ao tratamento, tendo um papel complementar no manejo da hiperfosfatemia de pacientes dialíticos. &nbsp
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