Analyses on the role of non-state actors for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by United Nations (UN) Member States in September 2015, aims to solve world sensitive sustainability issues through 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as focus areas. The implementation of the SDGs will depend mainly on the voluntary commitments of member states, although an integrated approach between countries, disciplines and actors is needed. This study, through comprehensive analyses, considers three important elements of the 2030 Agenda: 1) "Partnerships for the Goals"; The 2030 Agenda, stresses the importance of alliances and partnerships, as explicitly expressed in Goal 17. The collaborations of multi-stakeholder networks can be beneficial, but evaluation of their impact remains a challenge. Analyses in Chapter 2, based on the contribution of Regional Centres of Expertise for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, explore these collaborations in local, national and international scale. 2) "Indivisibility" of the 2030 Agenda, and the interconnection between the Goals; it is widely accepted that the 17 SDGs are strongly interrelated and context dependent. The implications of Target 4.7 on the 17 SDGs, in the specific context, are addressed in Chapter 3. Strongest connections amongst thematic sustainability issues are identified in order to maximise synergies and to minimise negative influences. It helps to create a ground for common indicators that can contribute simultaneously to a set of Goals, and to the 2030 Agenda as a whole. 3) The "All-inclusiveness" aspect of the 2030 Agenda where every contribution is valid. Several "collaboration channels" for Citizen Science and the Agenda 2030, such as through organized networks representations in partnerships for the goals; contribution to each of the SDGs individually; involvement in the policy cycles; and education and data provision, are explored in Chapter 4. Challenges, critical aspects and a framework of interactions from the top-down and bottom-up perspective are discussed in order to encourage a broader and more effective engagement. This study has analysed the role of diverse non-state actors and disciplines in the process of achieving the 17 SDGs. It gives an overview to what extend they are involved, based on current evidence and on clear contextual settings, and of the specific difficulties, challenges and opportunities. Findings identify considerable efforts by these actors in aligning their work with the 2030 Agenda, but additional efforts and resources are needed. Financial issues and governance bottlenecks, uneven progress between Goals and regions, weak coordination mechanisms among stakeholders, silo approaches with the Goals etc. are considered to be the major challenges for achieving the SDGs. The timeframe for the SDGs implementation has entered the "Decade of Action" until 2030. Apart from the member state commitments, the emphasis on "global", "local", and "people" would give importance to the involvement and increasing responsibilities of other actors, and contributions from all sources. New governance models at multi-levels, are needed to coordinate the SDGs and embrace the wide range of actors in the process. Global governance and regulating mechanisms at international level are necessary as national strategies will not be enough. Since networks and partnerships are dependent on their regional contexts and other circumstances, stronger cooperation with international organisations active in the SDGs implementation process would secure them a better position in the international arena. The study reinforces the idea that non-state actors can contribute outside their country contexts, at both local and international scale

Cofactors in Coronavirus Entry

Viruses have evolved complex ways to penetrate host barriers and cause disease. One of the most important barriers the virus has to cross is the cellular membrane. Enveloped viruses accomplish this task by viral glycoprotein-mediated binding to host cells and fusion of virus and host cell membranes. For the coronaviruses, viral spike (S) proteins execute these cell entry functions. In my dissertation research I focused on understanding the coronavirus spike proteins as well as other cofactors required for S-mediated entry into cells. The S proteins are set apart from other viral and cellular membrane fusion proteins by their extensively palmitoylated membrane-associated tails. In our experiments, substitution of alanines for the cysteines that are subject to palmitoylation had effects on both S incorporation into virions and S- mediated membrane fusions. In specifically dissecting the effects of endodomain mutations on the fusion process, we used antiviral peptides that bind only to folding intermediates in the S-mediated fusion process, and found that mutants lacking three palmitoylated cysteines remained in transitional folding states nearly ten times longer than native S proteins. This slower refolding was also reflected in the paucity of post-fusion six-helix bundle configurations amongst the mutant S proteins. Viruses with fewer palmitoylated S protein cysteines entered cells slowly and had reduced specific infectivities. These findings indicate that lipid adducts anchoring S proteins into virus membranes are necessary for the rapid, productive S protein refolding events that culminate in membrane fusions. The membrane fusion process also requires an S protein conformational flexibility that is facilitated by proteolytic cleavages. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus S proteins rely on host cell proteases for fusion activation. I identified the human lung transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2, as an important factor for SARS coronavirus entry. TMPRSS2 co-localized on cell surfaces with the virus receptor ACE2, and enhanced the cell entry of both SARS S - pseudotyped HIV and authentic SARS-CoV. Enhanced entry correlated with TMPRSS2-mediated proteolysis of both S and ACE2. These findings indicate that a cell-surface complex comprising a primary receptor and a separate endoprotease operate as portals for activation of SARS coronavirus cell entry

Bienestar laboral en los operarios del almacén de la empresa – Perubar S.A, en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao, Periodo 2018

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el nivel de bienestar laboral en los operarios del almacén de la empresa - Perubar S.A, en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao, Periodo 2018. El estudio corresponde a una investigación de tipo descriptiva, de nivel básica y con un enfoque cuantitativo de acuerdo al manejo de los datos. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, de corte transversal. El universo de la población se conforma por 60 operarios del almacén de la empresa – Perubar S.A. y la muestra fue censal, debido a la reducida cantidad de participantes. La técnica empleada para la recolección de la información fue la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario de Bienestar Laboral, la cual evalúa cinco dimensiones del bienestar laboral: factor logro, factor reconocimiento, factor trabajo en sí, factor responsabilidad y factor promoción. La conclusión a la que se llego fue que el bienestar laboral de los operarios de la empresa Perubar es medio en un nivel medio igual a 58%, producto de un conjunto de factores que no está permitiendo que los operarios puedan tener un bienestar laboral pleno.The objective of this research is to determine the level of work well-being in the workers of the company's warehouse - Perubar SA, in the Constitutional Province of Callao, Period 2018. The study corresponds to a descriptive, basic level research with a quantitative approach according to the handling of the data. The research design is non-experimental, cross-sectional. The universe of the population consists of 60 operators of the company's warehouse - Perubar S.A. and the sample was censal, due to the small number of participants. The technique used for the collection of the information was the survey and the instrument used was the Labor Welfare questionnaire, which evaluates five dimensions of labor welfare: achievement factor, recognition factor, work factor itself, responsibility factor and promotion factor. The conclusion reached was that the work welfare of the workers of the company Perubar is average at a level equal to 58%, product of a set of factors that is not allowing operators to have a full working well-being

Bioreactor technologies to support liver function in vitro

Liver is a central nexus integrating metabolic and immunologic homeostasis in the human body, and the direct or indirect target of most molecular therapeutics. A wide spectrum of therapeutic and technological needs drives efforts to capture liver physiology and pathophysiology in vitro, ranging from prediction of metabolism and toxicity of small molecule drugs, to understanding off-target effects of proteins, nucleic acid therapies, and targeted therapeutics, to serving as disease models for drug development. Here we provide perspective on the evolving landscape of bioreactor-based models to meet old and new challenges in drug discovery and development, emphasizing design challenges in maintaining long-term liver-specific function and how emerging technologies in biomaterials and microdevices are providing new experimental models.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01 EB010246)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (P50-GM068762-08)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01-ES015241)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (P30-ES002109)5UH2TR000496-02National Science Foundation (U.S.). Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (CBET-0939511)United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Microphysiological Systems Program (W911NF-12-2-0039

Clima social familiar y habilidades sociales en las estudiantes de nivel primario del internado colonia de Ancon n°1-niñas, en el año 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar la relación entre el clima social familiar y las habilidades sociales en las estudiantes de nivel primario del internado colonia de Ancón Nº1 – Niñas, en el año 2021. El estudio es descriptivo correlacional, de tipo básico, con un diseño de investigación no experimental y con un enfoque cuantitativo; la muestra representativa fue 85 estudiantes correspondientes a 4to, 5to y 6to grado del nivel primario. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios virtuales elaborados por las investigadoras para medir el clima social familiar y las habilidades sociales en las estudiantes del nivel primario, ambos instrumentos fueron validados por juicios de expertos y sometido a la prueba de confiabilidad, posteriormente se llegó al procesamiento de datos concluyendo, que existe una relación significativa y directa con las habilidades sociales. Esto se corrobora debido a que el valor del sig (0.002) es menor al 5%, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis nula. En otros términos, cuando el clima social familiar en los estudiantes del nivel primaria del internado colonial de Ancón N°1 es bueno, las habilidades sociales que desarrollan los estudiantes también son buenas.TesisComunicación y desarrollo human

Sustainable development education in the context of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development

© 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a concept that evolves in line with emerging sustainability issues. In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, ESD is embraced in Goal 4, Target 4.7, and reflected in other Goals and Targets. The approach towards the 2030 Agenda is important, not only because of the crucial role that education will play in the implementation of the Goals, but also in increasing its impact by orienting towards the emerging sustainability challenges. Therefore, there is a high demand for research to better understand ESD interactions with the 2030 Agenda framework in specific contexts. This study addresses the implications of Target 4.7 on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, in the context of the Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development as global multi-stakeholder networks. It analyses the interaction of Target 4.7 with other Goals and Targets, in order to identify the strongest connections amongst thematic sustainability issues. The findings revealed through statistical analyses and a comprehensive literature review, that the prevailing components of ESD are strongly interconnected with Goals 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 15. Thus reinforcing that the multidimensional aspects of ESD in relation to the SDGs are stronger regarding the current complex issues such as, education, climate, energy, sustainable cities, natural habitat, consumption and production. Although the nature of multi-stakeholder networks allows for diverse approaches of ESD towards the 2030 Agenda, the study indicates the importance of partnership and informal learning for reflection of global sustainability issues in regional platforms

The contribution of Regional Centers of Expertise for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd The implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals requires a fully integrated approach between sectors, disciplines, countries, and actors. On the fourth year of its implementation, the uptake of SDGs from non-state actors is increasing around the world, by developing engaging mechanisms for involvement at horizontal and vertical level. Considering that activation of existing partnerships is important for SDGs, in conjunction with creating new ones, this research has analysed the approach of global network of Regional Centers of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development. An overview of involvement is done based on a survey data, by exploring collaboration in local, national and international scale. Through Hierarchical Classification Analysis, the networks are grouped into clusters with similar characteristics and discussions include challenges and potentialities for intensifying the contribution towards the 2030 Agenda