Effective reduction of magnetisation losses in copper-plated multifilament coated conductors using spiral geometry

We wound copper-plated multifilament coated conductors spirally on a round core to decouple filaments electromagnetically under ac transverse magnetic fields and measured their magnetisation losses. Although the coated conductors were plated with copper, which connects all filaments electrically and allows current sharing among them, the spiral geometry decoupled filaments similar to the twist geometry, and the magnetisation loss was reduced effectively by the multifilament structure. The measured magnetisation loss of a 4 mm wide, 10-filament coated conductor with a 20 μm thick copper wound spirally on a 3 mm core was only 7% of that of the same 10-filament coated conductor with a straight shape under an ac transverse magnetic field with an amplitude and frequency of 100 mT and 65.44 Hz, respectively. We separated the measured magnetisation losses into hysteresis and coupling losses and discussed the influence of filament width, copper thickness, and core diameter on both losses. We compared the hysteresis losses with the analytical values given by Brandt and Indenbom and compared the coupling losses with the values calculated using a general expression of coupling loss with the coupling time constants and geometry factors

[[alternative]]Preparations of acylate copolymers for dyeing textile applications

碩士[[abstract]]　　染料本身的結構和性質，往往影響了其在水中的溶解度或分散性，然而通常溶解性較佳的染料經由染色後的展色性相對好，也因此有染整後卻不耐水洗的困擾。 　　超細聚酯纖維的缺點：1.結構細密，比表面積大，對可見光反射和散射能力強，因此造成在同濃度條件下染色時，其表觀濃度較一般聚酯纖維低；2.表面缺少反應性基團可與染料結合，容易染色不均，導致耐水洗堅牢度較差。基於上述兩點，本實驗設計將具有反應性官能基高分子應用在棉布與超細聚酯織物上，藉以強化織物深染性，及改善染色後水洗堅牢度等為主要目的，期待能夠藉由官能基的接枝改質，增加其染色效果。 　　取適當比例的Acrylic acid (AA)、Methyl acrylate (MA)及Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)單體，使用2,2’-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)為起始劑，並使用Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA)為架橋劑，利用自由基聚合反應原理，分別製備不同比例的架橋型丙烯酸酯共聚物。取用棉布與超細聚酯織物並含浸於上述製備好之丙烯酸酯共聚物中，乾燥後再以不同劑量電子束(electron beam)照射，使共聚物與織物表面自由基化產生接枝反應而有化學鍵結的產生；利用結構上含有胺基的染料與丙烯酸酯共聚物上的環氧基反應，使染料直接成為高分子鏈段上的一部分，間接增強染料分子與纖維結合力，進而提高其耐水洗堅牢度。[[abstract]]　　The structure and property of dyes is desided by the solubility or disperability of dyes in the water. Good solubility of dyes usually comes with good dye dispersion, not also cause the problem of poor resistance to water washing and laundering. 　　Micro-fiber polyester fabric had compact structure, high specific surface area, and strong reflection and scattering to visible light, to cause the dyeing of textile is more difficult than polyester in the same concentration；And had no function group to combine with dye, the surface concentrations of dyes absorption are higher than the internal part of fabric, so that usually out of proportion or discolor after water launder. In order to solve these problems, we focus on improve the intensity of color and resistance strength of water launder by grafting function group. 　　This research utilize suitable ratio of Acrylic acid (AA), Methyl acrylate (MA), and Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer with initiator 2,2’-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and bridging agent Tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) to synthesis acrylate copolymers in different monomeric concentration. After reactions, it becomes cross-linking structure and insoluble in water. 　　Take cotton and micro-fiber polyester fabric, immerses in specific ratio of acrylate copolymers. When textile dried, illuminate by different dosage of electron bean (EB). Radicalize polymer and textile surface, and bonding with each other. 　　The special amino group of dye on the structure formulate will react with the epoxy group on acrylate copolymers. Then, dye becomes part of the polymer chain and enhance the interaction between dye molecular and textile.[[tableofcontents]]總目錄 誌謝 中文摘要 英文摘要 目錄…………………………………………….………………………………...I 圖表索引……………………………………….………………………..……..IV 目錄 第一章 序論.......................................1 1-1 前言..........................................1 1-2 研究動機......................................2 第二章　實驗......................................3 2-1 儀器..........................................3 2-2 藥品..........................................4 2-2-1 染料結構....................................5 2-3 聚丙烯酸酯的製備..............................6 2-3-1 聚丙烯酸酯合成步驟..........................6 2-3-2 樣品編號命名................................6 2-4 棉布與超細聚酯織物染整........................7 2-4-1棉布或超細聚酯織物的改質.....................7 2-4-2 棉布或聚酯織物染整流程......................7 2-5 聚丙烯酸酯共聚物與織物測試....................8 2-5-1 傅立葉紅外線光譜鑑定........................8 2-5-2 固含量(Solid Content)測試...................8 2-5-3 接枝率測試..................................8 2-5-4 Micro FT-IR測試.............................9 2-5-5 棉布與聚酯織物之耐水洗堅牢度測試............9 2-5-6 織物擴散能力試驗法.........................10 2-5-7 織物乾燥速率試驗法.........................11 2-5-8 分光儀鑑定測試.............................12 2-5-9 掃描式電子顯微鏡...........................12 第三章　結果與討論...............................13 3-1 丙烯酸酯共聚物之FT-IR光譜分析................13 3-2 接枝率測試...................................19 3-3 Micro FT-IR..................................21 3-4 織物染色概述.................................26 3-5 丙烯酸酯共聚物與染料反應之FT-IR光譜分析......41 3-6 耐水洗堅牢度測試－變褪色灰色標級數...........46 3-6-1棉布測試....................................46 3-6-2聚酯織物測試................................49 3-7表觀濃度、相對外觀力度測試....................52 3-7-1 棉布測試...................................52 3-7-2 聚酯織物測試...............................57 3-8織物擴散能力試驗..............................62 3-8-1 棉布測試...................................62 3-8-2聚酯織物測試................................65 3-9 織物乾燥速率測試.............................68 3-9-1 棉布測試...................................68 3-9-2 聚酯織物測試...............................69 3-10 掃描式電子顯微鏡............................71 3-10-1 棉布測試..................................71 3-10-2 聚酯織物測試..............................71 第四章　結論.....................................80 第五章　參考資料.................................82 圖表索引 式目錄 【Scheme 3-1】丙烯酸酯共聚物反應式...........................................................13 【Scheme 3-5】丙烯酸酯共聚物與染料反應式...............................................42 表目錄 【Table 2-3-2】丙烯酸酯共聚物比例配方表...................................................6 【Table 3-2-1】棉布接枝率.............................................................................20 【Table 3-2-2】聚酯織物接枝率.....................................................................20 【Table 3-7-1】藍色棉布K/S value.................................................................54 【Table 3-7-2】黑色棉布K/S value.................................................................55 【Table 3-7-3】紅色棉布K/S value.................................................................56 【Table 3-7-4】藍色聚酯織物K/S value.........................................................59 【Table 3-7-5】黑色聚酯織物K/S value.........................................................60 【Table 3-7-6】紅色聚酯織物K/S value.........................................................61 【Table 3-8-1】棉布擴散速率.........................................................................64 【Table 3-8-2】聚酯織物擴散速率.................................................................67 圖目錄 【Fig 2-5-2】染色升溫曲線.............................................................................7 【Fig 3-1-1】AA 單體FT-IR光譜圖..............................................................14 【Fig 3-1-2】MA 單體FT-IR光譜圖...............................................................14 【Fig 3-1-3】GMA 單體FT-IR光譜圖...........................................................15 【Fig 3-1-4】114丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖............................................15 【Fig 3-1-5】214丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖............................................16 【Fig 3-1-6】414丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖............................................16 【Fig 3-1-7】124丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖............................................17 【Fig 3-1-8】144丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖............................................17 【Fig 3-1-9】11-GM丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖.......................................18 【Fig 3-1-10】11-AM丙烯酸酯共聚物FT-IR光譜圖.......................................18 【Fig 3-3-1】棉布經共聚物改質後Micro-FTIR光譜圖.................................22 【Fig 3-3-2】棉布改質後染藍色FT-IR光譜圖...............................................22 【Fig 3-3-3】棉布改質後染黑色FT-IR光譜圖...............................................23 【Fig 3-3-4】棉布改質後染紅色FT-IR光譜圖...............................................23 【Fig 3-3-5】聚酯織物經共聚物改質後FT-IR光譜圖...................................24 【Fig 3-3-6】聚酯織物改質後染藍色FT-IR光譜圖.......................................24 【Fig 3-3-7】聚酯織物改質後染黑色FT-IR光譜圖.......................................25 【Fig 3-3-8】聚酯織物改質後染紅色FT-IR光譜圖.......................................25 【Fig 3-4-1】棉布含浸各共聚物染黑色效果.................................................27 【Fig 3-4-2】214-藍色棉布染色圖..................................................................28 【Fig 3-4-3】414-藍色棉布染色圖..................................................................29 【Fig 3-4-4】214-黑色棉布染色圖..................................................................30 【Fig 3-4-6】414-黑色棉布染色圖...................................................................31 【Fig 3-3-7】214-紅色棉布染色圖...................................................................32 【Fig 3-3-8】414-紅色棉布染色圖...................................................................33 【Fig 3-3-9】聚酯織物含浸各共聚物染藍色效果..........................................34 【Fig 3-3-10】214-藍色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................35 【Fig 3-4-11】414-藍色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................36 【Fig 3-4-12】214-黑色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................37 【Fig 3-4-13】414-黑色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................38 【Fig 3-4-14】214-紅色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................39 【Fig 3-4-15】414-紅色聚酯織物染色圖.........................................................40 【Fig 3-5-1】GMA單體與藍色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖...............................43 【Fig 3-5-2】GMA單體與黑色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖...............................43 【Fig 3-5-3】GMA單體與紅色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖...............................44 【Fig 3-5-4】丙烯酸酯共聚物與藍色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖....................44 【Fig 3-5-5】丙烯酸酯共聚物與黑色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖....................45 【Fig 3-5-6】丙烯酸酯共聚物與紅色染料反應之FT-IR光譜圖....................45 【Fig 3-6-1】藍色棉布耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數) ........................................47 【Fig 3-6-2】黑色棉布耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數) ........................................47 【Fig 3-6-3】紅色棉布耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數) ........................................48 【Fig 3-6-4】藍色聚酯織物耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數).................................50 【Fig 3-6-5】黑色聚酯織物耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數) ................................50 【Fig 4-6-6】紅色聚酯織物耐水洗測試 (變褪色級數) ...............................51 【Fig 3-7-1】藍色棉布相對外觀力度 (%).....................................................54 【Fig 3-7-2】黑色棉布相對外觀力度 (%).....................................................55 【Fig 3-7-3】紅色棉布相對外觀力度 (%)......................................................56 【Fig 3-7-4】聚酯織物染藍色耐水洗測試-外觀力度保留率 (%).................59 【Fig 3-7-5】聚酯織物染黑色耐水洗測試-外觀力度保留率 (%).................60 【Fig 3-7-6】聚酯織物染紅色耐水洗測試-外觀力度保留率 (%).................61 【Fig 3-8-1】棉布擴散速率指數......................................................................63 【Fig 3-8-2】聚酯織物擴散速率指數..............................................................66 【Fig 3-9-1】棉布乾燥速率測試.....................................................................70 【Fig 3-9-2】聚酯織物乾燥速率測試............................................................70 【Fig 3-10-1(a)】改質前棉布SEM圖(2 kx).....................................................72 【Fig 3-10-1(b)】改質前棉布SEM圖(5 kx).....................................................72 【Fig 3-10-1(c)】棉布含浸共聚物(50kGy) SEM圖(2kx)...............................73 【Fig 3-10-1(d)】棉布含浸共聚物(50kGy) SEM圖(5kx)................................73 【Fig 3-10-1(e)】棉布含浸共聚物並照射電子束(50kGy) SEM圖(2 kx)......74 【Fig 3-10-1(f)】棉布含浸共聚物並照射電子束(50kGy) SEM圖(5 kx).....74 【Fig 3-10-1(g)】改質後棉布染藍色SEM圖(2 kx).........................................75 【Fig 3-10-1(h)】改質後棉布染藍色SEM圖(5 kx).........................................75 【Fig 3-10-2(a)】改質前聚酯織物SEM圖(2 kx).............................................76 【Fig 3-10-2(b)】改質前聚酯織物SEM圖(5 kx)..............................................76 【Fig 3-10-2(c)】聚酯織物含浸共聚物(50kGy) SEM圖(2 kx)......................77 【Fig 3-10-2(d)】聚酯織物含浸共聚物(50kGy) SEM圖(5 kx).......................77 【Fig 3-10-2(e)】聚酯織物浸共聚物照射電子束(50kGy) SEM圖(2 kx).....78 【Fig 3-10-2(f)】聚酯織物浸共聚物照射電子束(50kGy) SEM圖(5 kx).....78 【Fig 3-10-2(g)】改質後聚酯織物染藍色SEM圖(2 kx).................................79 【Fig 3-10-2(h)】改質後聚酯織物染藍色SEM圖(5 kx).................................79[[note]]學號: 696160075, 學年度: 9