From flesh and bone to bronze and stone : celebrating and commemorating the life of Queen Victoria in the British world 1897-1930

Why is it that if you walk through many of the cities of the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand, or any part of what used to be the British world you will usually find at least one and sometimes more statues of Queen Victoria? In the last years of her life Queen Victoria enjoyed a special place in the hearts and minds of people across the world. At the turn of the twentieth century, Victoria was a celebrity above all others, charismatic, immensely popular and an almost untouchable icon. Strangely, Victoria gained this lofty status through her association with two very different, and it would seem conflicting ideas - imperialism and domesticity. This thesis investigates just how Queen Victoria gained that level of celebrity and then how it turned her from flesh and bone to bronze and stone in Britain and across the British world from 1897 to 1930. It argues that two events in particular are the key to this transformation. The first, the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of 1897, transformed her in the eyes of the public into the representative figure of an entire age. The second, her death and funeral in early 1901, had such a public impact that it triggered the numerous commemorative efforts at home and abroad in the many years that followed. No work published to date has looked in detail at the historical significance of the celebration and monumental commemoration of Queen Victoria in the context of British and British imperial identity. This thesis aims to fill this gap in the work done so far on the imagery of Queen Victoria while also breaking new ground in considering just how her iconic status came into existence

catena-Poly[[[diaqua­(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3 N,N′,N′′)ytterbium(III)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 N:C-[dicyanido­platinum(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 C:N] acetonitrile monosolvate]

The title compound, {[PtYb(CN)4(NO3)(C15H11N3)(H2O)2]·CH3CN}n, was isolated from solution as a one-dimensional coordination polymer. The Yb3+ site has ninefold coordination with a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic geometry, while the PtII ion is coordinated by four cyanide groups in an almost regular square-planar geometry. cis-Bridging by the tetra­cyanidoplatinate(II) anions links the Yb3+ cations, forming chains. Additionally, each Yb3+ is coordinated by two water mol­ecules, one bidentate nitrate anion, and one tridentate 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine mol­ecule. O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are found between adjacent chains and help to consolidate the crystal packing. In addition, π–π stacking inter­actions exist between the terpyridine ligand and the two corresponding terpyridine ligands along the adjacent chain (average inter­planar distance = 3.667 Å). Moderate Pt⋯Pt inter­actions [3.5033 (4) Å] are observed in the structure

(Z)-N,N-Dimethyl-2-[phen­yl(pyridin-2-yl)methyl­idene]hydrazinecarbothio­amide

The title compound, C15H16N4S, exists in the Z conformation with the thionyl S atom lying cis to the azomethine N atom. The shortening of the N—N distance [1.3697 (17) Å] is due to extensive delocalization with the pyridine ring. The hydrazine–carbothio­amide unit is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.013 (2) Å for the amide N atom. The stability of this conformation is favoured by the formation of an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The packing of the mol­ecules involves no classical inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions; however, a C—H⋯π inter­action occurs

N′-[1-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl­idene)eth­yl]thiophene-2-carbo­hydrazide

The title compound, C16H12N2O4S, was obtained by the condensation of 3-acetyl-4-hy­droxy­coumarin with thien-2-ylcarbonyl hydrazide. The pyran ring adopts a 2,4-dione tautomeric form. The benzopyran ring system is almost coplanar with the thio­phene ring [dihedral angle 0.9 (2)°]. The exocyclic C=C double bond has an E geometry. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along the a axis

N-(n-Dec­yl)-4-nitro­aniline

N-(n-Dec­yl)-4-nitro­aniline, C16H26N2O2, crystallizes with two essentially planar mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The decyl chains are fully extended in an anti conformation. The mol­ecules pack in planar layers, within which mol­ecules are linked into chains by two approximately linear N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the amine N atom and one O atom of the nitro group of an adjacent mol­ecule. These mol­ecular chains propagate via inter­leaving of the decyl chains to form the two dimensional sheets. The sheets are associated exclusively via non-bonded contacts. The structure has features in common with those of other N-alkyl-4-nitro­anilines, but also subtle differences in packing

Carbohydrate-derived iminium salt organocatalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes

A new family of carbohydrate-based dihydroisoquinolinium salts has been prepared and tested for potential as asymmetric catalysts for the epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkene substrates, providing up to 57% ee in the product epoxides

Broadening the scope of high structural dimensionality nanomaterials using pyridine-based curcuminoids

This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 R&D programme (ERC-724981). We also acknowledge the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (projects CTQ2017-83632, CTQ2015-68370-P, PGC2018-098630-B-I00, MAT2016-77852-C2-1-R, CTQ2016-75150-R, PGC2018-098630B-I00, PGC2018-102047-B-I00 and Ramon y Cajal grant RYC-2017-22910) and the Generalitat de Catalunya for the grant 2017SGR1277. The work at the University of Chile was supported by ANID, Fondecyt Regular Project 1201962 and 1161775 (M. S.). C. D., N. A.-A., A. L.-P., A. G.-C., and L. R.-C. acknowledge the financial support through the "Severo Ochoa" program for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496) under the FUNMAT-FIP-2016 fellowship. Some of the experiments were performed at the XALOC46 and NCD-SWEET beamlines of the ALBA synchrotron with the support of ALBA staff and at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC0205CH11231. This work (L. R.-C.) has been done in the framework of the doctoral program "Chemistry" of the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona.We present a new heteroditopic ligand (3pyCCMoid) that contains the typical skeleton of a curcuminoid (CCMoid) decorated with two 3-pyridyl groups. The coordination of 3pyCCMoid with Zn-II centres results in a set of novel coordination polymers (CPs) that display different architectures and dimensionalities (from 1D to 3D). Our work analyses how synthetic methods and slight changes in the reaction conditions affect the formation of the final materials. Great efforts have been devoted toward understanding the coordination entities that provide high dimensional systems, with emphasis on the characterization of 2D materials, including analyses of different types of substrates, stability and exfoliation in water. Here, we foresee the great use of CCMoids in the field of CPs and emphasize 3pyCCMoid as a new-born linker.European Research Council (ERC) ERC-724981Spanish Government CTQ2017-83632 CTQ2015-68370-P PGC2018-098630-B-I00 MAT2016-77852-C2-1-R CTQ2016-75150-R PGC2018-098630B-I00 PGC2018-102047-B-I00Spanish Government, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Ramon y Cajal grant) RYC-2017-22910Generalitat de Catalunya 2017SGR1277ANID, Fondecyt Regular Project 1201962 1161775"Severo Ochoa" program for Centres of Excellence in R&D under the FUNMAT-FIP-2016 fellowship SEV-2015-0496United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC0205CH1123

Iron(II) complexes of 4-sulfanyl-, 4-sulfinyl- and 4-sulfonyl-2,6-dipyrazolylpyridine ligands. A subtle interplay between spin-crossover and crystallographic phase changes.

Oxidation of 4-(methylsulfanyl)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (LSMe) with hydrogen peroxide or mCPBA yields 4-(methylsulfinyl)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (LSOMe) and 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)-pyridine (LSO2Me), respectively. Solid [Fe(LSMe)2][ClO4]2 (1[ClO4]2) is high-spin at room temperature, and exhibits an abrupt spin-transition at T1/2 = 256 K. A shoulder on the cooling side of the χMT vs. T curve is associated with a hysteretic crystallographic phase change, occurring around T↓ = 245 K and T↑ = 258 K. The phase change involves a 180° rotation of around half the methylsulfanyl substituents in the crystal. This contrasts with the previously reported BF4 − salt of the same compound, which is isostructural to 1[ClO4]2 at room temperature but transforms to a different crystal phase in its low-spin state. Solid [Fe(LSOMe)2][BF4]2 (2[BF4]2) and [Fe(LSO2Me)2][BF4]2 (3[BF4]2) both exhibit gradual spin-crossover equilibria centred significantly above room temperature. Solution measurements show that the oxidised sulphur centers in 2[BF4]2 and 3[BF4]2 stabilise the low spin states of those complexes

Multifunctional hybrid materials based on transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) reinforced by lanthanoid hydroxo clusters

Three pentanuclear lanthanoid hydroxo clusters of composition [Ln(OH)5(abzm)10], where Ln = Eu, Tb,Ho and abzm = di(4-allyloxy)benzoylmethanide, have been prepared. The structures have beencharacterised by means of IR, Raman, elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction, showing a pyramidalsquare-based cluster core. The clusters (Tb and Ho) exhibit Curie?Weiss Law behaviour, displayingantiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures. The emission properties of the Eu cluster demonstratethe abzm- ligand is an efficient antenna (lex = 420 nm) only for the sensitisation of Eu luminescence inthe visible range, via energy transfer to the 5D0 state of the trivalent metal. The clusters have beenreacted in the presence of methyl methacrylate and azobisisobutyronitrile to prepare reinforcedpolymers via radical polymerisation. The obtained materials exhibit swelling upon immersion intoorganic solvents up to 110% of their original size, in agreement with the presence of cluster-crosslinked polymeric chains. Also, no loss of transparency was observed in the preparation of the materials. The characteristic red emission of the Eu cluster in also retained in the polymeric material