Mashi Kalpana - A Review

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana branch deals with the preparation of medicine by using herbal, animal and metal origin. Metals and minerals are in frequent use in Indian system of medicine since long back without any untoward effect. Mashi Kalpana is the form of medicine which can be prepared by heating herbal or animal content upto transfer into carbonized form. Mashi Kalpana is used externally as well as internally. Mashi Kalpana is cost effective, less time consuming preparation and having quick result

Avaleha Kalpana - A Review

In Ayurveda, Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana branch is more important. It deals with the preparation of medicine by using herbal, metal and animal origin substances. Herbal medicines are frequently used in Indian system of medicine since long time without any known side effect. Avaleha Kalpana is a semi solid preparation of drugs, prepared with addition of jaggery, sugar or sugar candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction it is called as Avaleha. While preparing Avaleha Madhura Dravya’s like Guda or Sharkara and honey are added to the juice or the decoction. This article will review the concept of Avaleha Kalpana in the classics

Sheep Associated-Malignant Catarrhal Fever: Past, present, and future

Members of Artiodactyla can contract the infectious disease Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF), which has a wide range of symptoms. Ten known viruses contribute to the disease, the two most significant ones being Ovine gamma herpes virus 2 (OvHV-2) and Alcelaphine gamma herpes virus 1 (AIHV-1). In the African subcontinent, AIHV-1 is seen in most MCF cases. In the Indian scenario, Ovine gamma herpes virus-2 is the main culprit. MCF is reported in certain pockets of India. Its threat to wildlife is not yet completely understood. In AIHV-1, wildebeests serve as the primary MCF reservoir, whereas with OvHV-2, the primary MCF reservoir is sheep. In India, OvHV-2 causes MCF in deer species, bison, and water buffaloe. The life cycle and properties of this virus are not yet wholly deciphered. To understand the impact of the disease and the threat it may pose in the future, we need to have diagnostic techniques in place. Currently, PCR is the most commonly used diagnostic technique. Work should be done on field-oriented tests like ELISA and LFA, which are helpful in areas without sophisticated lab facilities. Treatment protocols must be in place, as culling bovines is not an accepted policy in India. Probable plans for overcoming all these problems are discussed in this article

Six-membered ring systems: with O and/or S atoms

A large variety of publications involving O- and S-6-membered ring systems have appeared in 2017. The importance of these heterocyclic compounds is highlighted by the huge number of publications on the total synthesis of natural oxygen derivatives and of other communications dedicated to synthetic derivatives. Reviews on stereoselective organocatalytic synthesis of tetrahydropyrans (17EJO4666), of tetrahydropyrans and their application in total synthesis of natural products (17CSR1661), on the synthesis of the less thermodynamically stable 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyrans (17S4899), on enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyran and chromene derivatives (17TA1462), and on enantioselective and racemic total synthesis of camptothecins, including the formation of their pyran-2-one ring (17SL1134), have appeared. Advances in the transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyran-2/4-ones (17TL263), N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed achiral synthesis of pyran-2-one, coumarin and (thio)chromone derivatives (17OBC4731), on the synthesis and transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones (17T2529) and 2-styrylchromones (17EJO3115) into other heterocyclic compounds, have been surveyed. The strategies to build up the tetrahydropyranyl core of brevisamide (17H(95)81) and the reactions of ketyl radicals, generated from carbonyl derivatives under transition-metal photoredox-catalyzed conditions, leading to isochromen- and chroman-type compounds (17CC13093) were disclosed. Developments in the synthesis of pentafluorosulfanyl(chromene and coumarin) derivatives (17TL4803), photoswitchable D9-tetrahydrocannabinol derivatives (17JA18206), and aminobenzopyranoxanthenes with nitrogen-containing rings (17JOC13626) have been studied.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

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Not AvailableClassical swine fever (CSF) is a fatal disease of pigs world wide which is endemic in India and classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health. The genome of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), comprises four structural (C, Ems, El and E2) and eight non-structural (Npro, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B) proteins. Monocytes, in peripheral blood and macrophages in the various lymphoid organs, are its major targets. CSF disease is characterized by haemorrhagic fever and immunosuppression with generalized leukopenia including lymphopenia and granulocytopenia. CSFV Npro limits type I interferon induction in various cells by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 7. CSFV causes inhibition of nitric oxide production in infected macrophages and attenuation of nitric oxide bioavailability in vascular endothelial cells. CSFV infection produces enhanced reactive oxygen species production and induces oxidative stress. CSFV-infected pigs are largely affected by apoptosis in the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and peripheral blood. Majority ofinfected cells were non apoptotic, but the apoptotic cells are primarily non-infected. CSFV NS2 protein inhibits cellular proliferation by the induction ofcell cycle arrest at S-phase which is beneficial for CSFV viral replication. After CSF infection in peripheral blood leukocytes 1745 genes showed altered expression. The proteins which show altered expression in PBMC after infection with CSFV includes cytoskeleton, protein translation and processing, heat-shock response, blood clotting and anti-oxidative stress proteins. Thestudy ofthese different molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of CSFV may assist in the development of new antiviral therapies as well as innovative diagnostic methods.Not Availabl

Gaussian Blurring Technique for Detecting and Classifying Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cancer Cells from Microscopic Biopsy Images

Visual inspection of peripheral blood samples is a critical step in the leukemia diagnostic process. Automated solutions based on artificial vision approaches can accelerate this procedure, while also improving accuracy and uniformity of response in telemedicine applications. In this study, we propose a novel GBHSV-Leuk method to segment and classify Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cancer cells. GBHSV-Leuk is a two staged process. The first stage involves pre-processing, which uses the Gaussian Blurring (GB) technique to blur the noise and reflections in the image. The second stage involves segmentation using the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) technique and morphological operations to differentiate between the foreground and background colors, which improve the accuracy of prediction. The proposed method attains 96.30% accuracy when applied on the private dataset, and 95.41% accuracy when applied on the ALL-IDB1 public dataset. This work would facilitate early detection of ALL cancer

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Not AvailableDescribes about the classical swine fever disease in KannadaNot Availabl

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Not AvailableClassical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of one of the most devastating porcine haemorrhagic viral diseases, classical swine fever (CSF). Two main strategies to control CSF outbreaks are systematic prophylactic vaccination with live attenuated vaccines and non-vaccination stamping out policy. But these strategies have many limitations. The vaccination with live attenuated CSF vaccines makes it extremely difficult to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals since CSFV replicates in the host, even at very low rates. Thus, there is a clear need for efficient and safer marker vaccines to facilitate the control of future CSF outbreaks. Marker vaccines allowing distinction between naturally infected from vaccinated swine could complement "stamping out" measures. Here, in this review we have presented the various approaches to candidate CSFV marker vaccines. These methods are also helpful for the development of new generation vaccines against various diseases. It can be expected that new potent marker vaccines against CSFV might be commercially available and used in systematic prophylactic vaccination or emergency vaccination in the coming years.Not Availabl