Evaluation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Ponyfish Associated Bacteria (Photobacterium leiognathi)

The marine environment continues to surprise us by producing novel bioactive substances with a wide range of benefits for humans. Materials and Methods: Marine bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi was isolated from pony fish, Secutorruconius which was confirmed with microscopic and molecular characterization. The secondary metabolite of the isolated bacteria was extracted with dichloromethane. The chemical fingerprinting of the isolated metabolite was analyzed through TLC, FT-IR, and HPLC. The nature of the compound present in the metabolite was identified in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC - MS). The isolated extract was investigated for its antibacterial property against 10 human pathogenic bacteria and also its antioxidant activity using different assays such as 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Phosphomolybdenum, Metal chelating, Hydroxyl radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results: The Presence of functional groups including phenols, sugars, and amino acids in the extracts were identified by TLC. Totally, nine peaks were obtained for the crude extract through the FTIR spectrum range of 400 to 4000 cm-1 for the active sample. The DCM extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against the six human bacterial pathogens. Secondary metabolites from the bioluminescent bacteria, P. leiognathi, have strong antioxidant properties. These results will be instrumental in developing novel products with biosensors and bio-imaging applications using P. leiognathi.

Future prospects of phytosynthesized transition metal nanoparticles as novel functional agents for textiles

Synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles has become a promising field of research in recent years. Chemical approaches are the most popular methods for their production. However, some chemical methods cannot avoid the use of toxic chemicals in their synthesis protocol. Chemical methods are quite expensive and are potentially dangerous to the environment. Recently, the utilization of biological systems has emerged as a novel method for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Among biological agents, the use of plants in the synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is gaining importance due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, green approach and environmentally-friendly nature. Owing to the biodiversity of plant biomasses, many bioconstituents like proteins, enzymes, antioxidants, amino acids, alkaloids, and other polyols have contributed to the synthetic processes. The intent of this chapter is to survey some of the important scientific research and developmental works pertaining to transition metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant materials. It also highlights how the phyto-inspired synthesized nanoparticles have been integrated into textile materials in order to improve their performances and extend their practical applications by developing new functionalities. Finally, a few recommendations have been proposed for further research efforts to advance this field of study