9 research outputs found
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy includes visualization of the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum, with real time assessment and interpretation of the findings encountered. An upper endoscopy is indicated in the diagnostic evaluation of signs and symptoms of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Besides there are some therapeutic implication of the endoscopy. This study was conducted to study the spectrum of diseases found during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patient presenting in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital (LMCTH).
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in LMCTH. The endoscopic record book of the patients who underwent UGI endoscopy for various reasons from February 2011 to 2013 was analysed. The risk factor of smoking and alcohol was also included and analysed in the study.
Results: All together 550 upper GI endoscopy was performed in the two years. There were 290 males (52.72%) and females were 260 (47.38%). The mean age was 45.7 years (SD=17.9). Most of the patient belonged to the age group 41 to 80 years (71%). Among total patients, 209 (38%) of them were found to be macroscopically normal. Of those who had positive endoscopic findings; 165 (48.4%) had gastritis and 36 (10.6%) had duodenal ulcer, esophageal varices was in 30 (8.8%), gastric carcinoma in nine (2.6%) of cases. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the presence of peptic ulcer disease (p=0.01) and malignancy of gastrointestinal tract (p=0.03). Alcohol intake was non-significantly related to peptic ulceration (p=0.07) and malignancy of gastrointestinal tract (p=0.09).
Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe and useful procedure for investigating patients with gastrointestinal complains. Gastritis was the most common finding among the patients who had abnormal endoscopy followed by duodenal ulcer and esophageal varices
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy includes visualization of the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum, with real time assessment and interpretation of the findings encountered. An upper endoscopy is indicated in the diagnostic evaluation of signs and symptoms of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Besides there are some therapeutic implication of the endoscopy. This study was conducted to study the spectrum of diseases found during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patient presenting in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital (LMCTH).
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in LMCTH. The endoscopic record book of the patients who underwent UGI endoscopy for various reasons from February 2011 to 2013 was analysed. The risk factor of smoking and alcohol was also included and analysed in the study.
Results: All together 550 upper GI endoscopy was performed in the two years. There were 290 males (52.72%) and females were 260 (47.38%). The mean age was 45.7 years (SD=17.9). Most of the patient belonged to the age group 41 to 80 years (71%). Among total patients, 209 (38%) of them were found to be macroscopically normal. Of those who had positive endoscopic findings; 165 (48.4%) had gastritis and 36 (10.6%) had duodenal ulcer, esophageal varices was in 30 (8.8%), gastric carcinoma in nine (2.6%) of cases. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the presence of peptic ulcer disease (p=0.01) and malignancy of gastrointestinal tract (p=0.03). Alcohol intake was non-significantly related to peptic ulceration (p=0.07) and malignancy of gastrointestinal tract (p=0.09).
Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe and useful procedure for investigating patients with gastrointestinal complains. Gastritis was the most common finding among the patients who had abnormal endoscopy followed by duodenal ulcer and esophageal varices
Pre-Big-Bang in String Cosmology
The duality-type symmetries of string cosmology naturally lead to a
pre-big-bang phase of accelerated evolution as dual counterpart of the
decelerated expansion of standard cosmology. We discuss several properties of
this scenario, including the possibility that tracks of the pre-big-bang may be
found either in the spectrum of relic gravitons or in the distortion they
induce on the cosmic microwave background.Comment: 36 pages (plus 1 table and 3 figures ava. upon request), CERN-TH.657
String cosmology versus standard and inflationary cosmology
This paper presents a review of the basic, model-independent differences
between the pre-big bang scenario, arising naturally in a string cosmology
context, and the standard inflationary scenario. We use an unconventional
approach in which the introduction of technical details is avoided as much as
possible, trying to focus the reader's attention on the main conceptual aspects
of both scenarios. The aim of the paper is not to conclude in favour either of
one or of the other scenario, but to raise questions that are left to the
reader's meditation. Warnings: the paper does not contain equations, and is not
intended as a complete review of all aspects of string cosmology.Comment: 22 pages, Latex (IOP Style), three figures included using epsfig. To
appear in Class. Quantum Grav. (Topical Review Section). Two misprints
correcte
The Pre-Big Bang Scenario in String Cosmology
We review physical motivations, phenomenological consequences, and open
problems of the so-called pre-big bang scenario in superstring cosmology.Comment: 250 pages, latex, 34 figures included using epsfi