161 research outputs found

    Farmhouse interior restoration in bioconstruction

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    [EN] The presented project deals with the interior design in bioconstruction of a family home, being a third part of the surface of an agricultural farmhouse named “Ca l'Amell”, in the municipality of Premiá de Mar, in Barcelona. Founded in 1848, it is classified as a cultural asset of local interest by the Catalog of the Environmental and Historical Architectural Heritage. The purchase of the entire farmhouse has been carried out by three families through a “micro co-housing” process: they split the cost of the purchase of the entire property and then divided it into three independent units.The object of this work is the interior design of one of the 3 housing (U3), that has been carried out by recovering traditional construction techniques and materials, respecting the original character of the vernacular architecture of the agricultural farmhouses in the area. To achieve this objective the project is based on using natural and highly breathable materials (instead of synthetics) like hydraulic lime plasters, clay plasters, silicate mineral paints, recycled cotton fiber as internal walls insulation, natural waxes. Construction solutions and finishes respond to the need to control the excess of indoor relative humidity and the transfer coefficient in exterior walls, achieving a comfortable environment and taking advantage of the great qualities of the thermal mass inertia of the old vernacular constructions. At the same time, the aim was to use non-synthetic materials with a content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)as low as possible. In the interior design project, aspects of habitat psychology have been considered too (study of color tones appropriate to the image of the farm and in accordance with the nature of the environments) responding to the need to maintain the interior warmth of the original construction.Li Puma Sforazzini, V. (2022). Farmhouse interior restoration in bioconstruction. Editorial Universitat Politùcnica de Valùncia. 863-870. https://doi.org/10.4995/HERITAGE2022.2022.1568986387

    Light-Responsive Oligothiophenes Incorporating Photochromic Torsional Switches (PTS)

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    We present a quaterthiophene and sexithiophene that can reversibly change their effective π-conjugation length via photoexcitation. The reported compounds make use of light-responsive molecular actuators consisting of an azobenzene attached to a bithiophene unit by both direct and linker-assisted bonding. Upon exposure to 350 nm light the azobenzene undergoes trans -to- cis isomerization mechanically inducing the oligothiophene to assume a planar conformations (extended π-conjugation). Exposure to 254 nm wavelenght promotes azobenzene cis -to- trans isomerization, forcing the thiophenic backbones to twist out of planarity (confined π-conjugation). Twisted conformations are also reached by cis -to- trans thermal relaxation with rate that increases proportionally with the conjugation length of the oligothiophene moiety. The molecular conformations of quaterthiophene and sexithiophene were characterized using steady-state UV-vis, X-ray crystallography and quantum-chemical modelling. Finally, we tested the proposed light-responsive oligothiophenes into field-effect transistors to probe the photo-induced tuning of their electronic properties

    Automated multi-subject fiber clustering of mouse brain using dominant sets

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    Mapping of structural and functional connectivity may provide deeper understanding of brain function and disfunction. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) is a powerful technique to non-invasively delineate white matter (WM) tracts and to obtain a three-dimensional description of the structural architecture of the brain. However, DMRI tractography methods produce highly multi-dimensional datasets whose interpretation requires advanced analytical tools. Indeed, manual identification of specific neuroanatomical tracts based on prior anatomical knowledge is time-consuming and prone to operator-induced bias. Here we propose an automatic multi-subject fiber clustering method that enables retrieval of group-wise WM fiber bundles. In order to account for variance across subjects, we developed a multi-subject approach based on a method known as Dominant Sets algorithm, via an intra- and cross-subject clustering. The intra-subject step allows us to reduce the complexity of the raw tractography data, thus obtaining homogeneous neuroanatomically-plausible bundles in each diffusion space. The cross-subject step, characterized by a proper space-invariant metric in the original diffusion space, enables the identification of the same WM bundles across multiple subjects without any prior neuroanatomical knowledge. Quantitative analysis was conducted comparing our algorithm with spectral clustering and affinity propagation methods on synthetic dataset. We also performed qualitative analysis on mouse brain tractography retrieving significant WM structures. The approach serves the final goal of detecting WM bundles at a population level, thus paving the way to the study of the WM organization across groups.Mapping of structural and functional connectivity may provide deeper understanding of brain function and disfunction. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) is a powerful technique to non-invasively delineate white matter (WM) tracts and to obtain a three-dimensional description of the structural architecture of the brain. However, DMRI tractography methods produce highly multi-dimensional datasets whose interpretation requires advanced analytical tools. Indeed, manual identification of specific neuroanatomical tracts based on prior anatomical knowledge is time-consuming and prone to operator-induced bias. Here we propose an automatic multi-subject fiber clustering method that enables retrieval of group-wise WM fiber bundles. In order to account for variance across subjects, we developed a multi-subject approach based on a method known as Dominant Sets algorithm, via an intra-and cross-subject clustering. The intra-subject step allows us to reduce the complexity of the raw tractography data, thus obtaining homogeneous neuroanatomically-plausible bundles in each diffusion space. The cross-subject step, characterized by a proper space-invariant metric in the original diffusion space, enables the identification of the same WM bundles across multiple subjects without any prior neuroanatomical knowledge. Quantitative analysis was conducted comparing our algorithm with spectral clustering and affinity propagation methods on synthetic dataset. We also performed qualitative analysis on mouse brain tractography retrieving significant WM structures. The approach serves the final goal of detecting WM bundles at a population level, thus paving the way to the study of the WM organization across groups

    Upper-rim monofunctionalisation in the synthesis of triazole- and disulfide-linked multicalix[4]- and -[6]arenes.

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    Covalently linked multiple calixarenes are valued in supramolecular chemistry. We report an easy and versatile synthetic route to covalently linked double and triple calix[4]arene and calix[6]arenes by a novel DMF‐controlled selective alkylation of a convenient and readily available upper‐rim dimethylaminomethyl‐substituted tetrahydroxy calix[4]arene and ‐[6]arenes. Synthetic routes to upper‐rim functionalised redox active disulfide‐linked double‐, tetra‐ and peptidohybrid‐calixarenes employing either redox chemistry (CH2SH) or thiolates (CH2S–) are also opened up from the same key starting material

    Design, Synthesis and Properties of ‘Photochromic Torsional Switches’ (PTS)

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    The geometrical arrangement of the p-orbitals in organic semiconductors plays a pivotal role for the optoelectronic properties of the resulting bulk materials.[1] Control over the π-bond geometry, e.g. the planarity, of an extended conjugated system offers the possibility to modulate the effective conjugation length of a π-system, thus, allowing for the tuning of optical and electronic properties.[1,2] A promising way to reversibly modulate the orientation of the p-orbitals in a conjugated strucrure is to incorporate photochromic segments onto the ‘backbone’ of the π-system. Attempts to use photochromic molecules as monomer units in a polymer chain have shown that the photo-reversibility efficiency decreases inversely with the enhancement of the π-conjugation.[3] In the present work we report on a novel molecular architecture, referred to as a ‘photochromic torsional switch’ (PTS), which can overcome the limits of todays photochromic dyes towards their incorporation into extended π-system. The aforementioned molecular structure consists of a polymerizable bithiophene unit able to mechanically change its π-system planarity in response to a photochromic isomerization of a laterally attached azobenzene unit. In the dark and upon exposure of visible light, the azobenzene moiety assumes its extended trans conformation, thus, forcing the bithiophene backbone to twist out of coplanarity (dihedral angle from 50° to 68°). By contrast, exposure to UV light results in isomerization of the azobenzene unit to the cis conformation, which allows the bithiophene fragment to assume a planar, π-conjugated conformation (dihedral angles from 150° to 168°). The PTS architectures, proposed in this work, represent a new generation of photochromic dyes that can allow for the preparation of ‘conjugated photochromic polymers’, and help to gain deeper understanding of the correlation between molecular conformation and optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated macromolecules

    Development of Machine Learning-based Spatially and Temporally Resolved 4D Radiomics in Radiation Oncology

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    Radiomics ist ein sich entwickelndes Forschungsgebiet, in dem rĂ€umlich aufgelöste quantitative Merkmale aus medizinischen Standardbildern extrahiert werden. Diese werden in klinischen EntscheidungsunterstĂŒtzungssystemen fĂŒr die PrĂ€zisionsdiagnose und die Anpassung der Behandlung eingesetzt, was ein leistungsstarkes Instrument in der modernen Medizin darstellt. Allerdings fehlt es in diesem Bereich noch an standardisierten und reproduzierbaren AnalyseablĂ€ufen, was die Anwendung in der klinischen Routine derzeit einschrĂ€nkt. Daher konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf die Entwicklung einer flexiblen und robusten Analysepipeline, die es ermöglicht, Radiomics zuverlĂ€ssig und robust in der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung einzusetzen. Die Entdeckung von Radiomics-Merkmalen, die mit dem Tumor-Immunstatus (PD-L1) und dessen 4D-Longitudinalentwicklung nach Strahlentherapie bei Patienten mit Glioblastom-Tumoren in dieser Arbeit korrelieren, unterstreicht die LeistungsfĂ€higkeit von Radiomics und der entwickelten Plattform zur Identifizierung neuer bildgebender Biomarker und Therapiesurrogate. Zur Erleichterung der Datenkuration fĂŒr Bilder, die aus verschiedenen klinischen Einrichtungen stammen, wurde ein neues Python-basiertes Tool, PyCURT, entwickelt, das sowohl inhalts- als auch metadatenbasierte Datensortierungstechniken nutzt. Insbesondere wurde ein neuartiger, auf Deep Learning basierender Ansatz, BP-Class, als Teil von PyCURT implementiert, um automatisch die anatomischen Regionen zu klassifizieren, die in den einzelnen MR- bzw. CT-Bildern gescannt wurden. Er kann mit hoher Genauigkeit zwischen Kopf-Hals-, Bauch-Becken- und Lungenregionen unterscheiden. DarĂŒber hinaus nutzt PyCURT DICOM-Metadaten, um die Strahlentherapie-Daten zu erkennen und miteinander zu verknĂŒpfen. Auf diese Weise ermöglicht PyCURT eine umfassende und robuste multizentrische medizinische Bildkuration. Um das Problem der Reproduzierbarkeit und der Standardisierung von ArbeitsablĂ€ufen zu lösen, wurde ein zweites Tool, RADIANTS, entwickelt, das ein flexibles und einfach zu bedienendes Framework fĂŒr die Konfiguration benutzerdefinierter Radiomicsanalysen in einer reproduzierbaren Umgebung bietet. Es enthĂ€lt einen Standard-Radiomics-Workflow fĂŒr die Vorverarbeitung und Registrierung. DarĂŒber hinaus wurden zwei auf Deep Learning basierende Segmentierungsmethoden entwickelt und in RADIANTS integriert. Die erste Methode war in der Lage, die Lunge aus CT-Bildern sowohl von fibrotischen als auch von gesunden MĂ€usen genau zu segmentieren, was durch einen hohen Dice-Score und eine niedrige Hausdorff-Distanz belegt wurde. Nach einem erneuten Training mit Hilfe eines Transfer-Learning-Ansatzes war sie auch in der Lage, die Lungen von hochauflösenden MĂ€usen und menschlichen CT-Bildern zu segmentieren. Der zweite Ansatz wurde fĂŒr die Segmentierung von Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) aus MR-Bildern von hochgradigen Gliomen vor der Behandlung trainiert, wo er sowohl in Bezug auf den Dice-Score als auch auf die Hausdorff-Distanz genaue Ergebnisse erzielte. Anschließend wurde untersucht, ob die GTV-Segmentierung auch in der Nachbeobachtungsphase zuverlĂ€ssig ist. Schließlich wurden die mit der vorgeschlagenen Methode erstellten Abgrenzungen mit denen verglichen, die von drei unabhĂ€ngigen menschlichen Gutachtern manuell konturiert wurden. Die zuvor etablierten Werkzeuge wurden dann zur Beantwortung einer klinisch relevanten Frage eingesetzt. Kann der PD-L1-Status des Tumors mit radiologischen Merkmalen korreliert werden, um den Immunstatus des Tumors zu identifizieren und zu verfolgen? Aus MR-Bildern vor der Behandlung wurde ein aus der Radiomics abgeleiteter Score (PD-L1 R-Score) ermittelt, der eine prognostische Stratifizierung der Patienten in zwei unterschiedliche Kohorten ermöglicht. Patienten mit Tumoren mit hoher PD-L1 Expression hatten eine bessere Prognose. Schließlich zeigte eine Machbarkeitsstudie vielversprechende Ergebnisse, die belegen, dass die dynamische VerĂ€nderung des PD-L1 R-Radiomics-Surrogats im Laufe der Zeit eine weitere prognostische Stratifizierung von Patienten mit Glioblastom ermöglichen könnte. Zusammenfassend lĂ€sst sich sagen, dass ein umfassender Analyserahmen geschaffen wurde, um die derzeitigen BeschrĂ€nkungen der Radiomics zu ĂŒberwinden und den Weg fĂŒr den Durchbruch der Radiomics in der klinischen Anwendung zu ebnen. Hierbei könnte Radiomics als attraktives Mittel zum Monitoring des Tumorimmunsystems dienen

    Compound for uses in optical and electrooptical devices

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    which can also be embedded into a conjugated oligomeric of polymeric backbone, is proposed for optical and electro optical applications
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