Standardized visual EEG features predict outcome in patients with acute consciousness impairment of various etiologies.

Early prognostication in patients with acute consciousness impairment is a challenging but essential task. Current prognostic guidelines vary with the underlying etiology. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG) is the most important paraclinical examination tool in patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), whereas it is not routinely used for outcome prediction in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from 364 critically ill patients with acute consciousness impairment (GCS ≤ 11 or FOUR ≤ 12) of various etiologies and without recent signs of seizures from a prospective randomized trial were retrospectively analyzed. Random forest classifiers were trained using 8 visual EEG features-first alone, then in combination with clinical features-to predict survival at 6 months or favorable functional outcome (defined as cerebral performance category 1-2). The area under the ROC curve was 0.812 for predicting survival and 0.790 for predicting favorable outcome using EEG features. Adding clinical features did not improve the overall performance of the classifier (for survival: AUC = 0.806, p = 0.926; for favorable outcome: AUC = 0.777, p = 0.844). Survival could be predicted in all etiology groups: the AUC was 0.958 for patients with HIE, 0.955 for patients with TBI and other neurosurgical diagnoses, 0.697 for patients with metabolic, inflammatory or infectious causes for consciousness impairment and 0.695 for patients with stroke. Training the classifier separately on subgroups of patients with a given etiology (and thus using less training data) leads to poorer classification performance. While prognostication was best for patients with HIE and TBI, our study demonstrates that similar EEG criteria can be used in patients with various causes of consciousness impairment, and that the size of the training set is more important than homogeneity of ACI etiology

The Network of Knowledge approach: improving the science and society dialogue on biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe

The absence of a good interface between scientific and other knowledge holders and decision-makers in the area of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been recognised for a long time. Despite recent advancements, e.g. with the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), challenges remain, particularly concerning the timely provision of consolidated views from different knowledge domains. To address this challenge, a strong and flexible networking approach is needed across knowledge domains and institutions. Here, we report on a broad consultation process across Europe to develop a Network of Knowledge on biodiversity and ecosystem services (NoK), an approach aiming at (1) organising institutions and knowledge holders in an adaptable and responsive framework and (2) informing decision-makers with timely and accurate biodiversity knowledge. The consultation provided a critical analysis of the needs that should be addressed by a NoK and how it could complement existing European initiatives and institutions at the interface between policy and science. Among other functions, the NoK provides consolidated scientific views on contested topics, identification of research gaps to support relevant policies, and horizon scanning activities to anticipate emerging issues. The NoK includes a capacity building component on interfacing activities and contains mechanisms to ensure its credibility, relevance and legitimacy. Such a network would need to ensure credibility, relevance and legitimacy of its work by maximizing transparency and flexibility of processes, quality of outputs, the link to data and knowledge provision, the motivation of experts for getting involved and sound communication and capacity building

Beiträge zur Geschichte des Landkreises Regensburg 12

Der Regensburger Südosten, der südlichste Teil der Oberpfalz - Beschreibungen und Bilder aus drei Jahrhunderten; darin: Fendl, Josef: Die Regensburger Donau (S. 3); Fendl, Josef: Zur Geschichte des Regensburger Südostens (S. 3); Schindler, Herbert: Das Dorf hiess Barbing (S. 4); Schindler, Herbert: Technische Dinosaurier (S. 6); Fendl, Josef: Abend an der Donau (Beim Kreuzhof) (S. 6); Fendl, Josef: Barbing buchstabiert (S. 7); Schindler, Herbert: Die Walhallastraße (S. 8); Artinger, Otto: Eine unfruchtbare, öde Fläche (S. 9); Fendl, Josef: Flugplatz Obertraubling (S. 9); Billich, Therese: Obertraublinger Heimatlied (S. 11); Fendl, Josef: Obstkeller, Waschküche und Geschirrkammer S. 12); Fendl, Josef: Eine Symbiose der Widerwart (S. 12); Hofner, Kurt: Eichendorff im Volkswagen (S. 13); Hofner, Kurt: Nonchalante Selbstverständlichkeit (S. 14); Schnirle, Joseph: Der Maurer auf dem Schwein (S. 15); Fendl, Josef: Denkmalpflege mit dem Sandstrahler (S. 16); Schindler, Herbert: Vergessene Schlösser im Donauland (S. 17); Schindler, Herbert: Wehmut und Melancholie (S. 17); Schindler, Herbert: Wie eine Theaterdekoration (S. 19); Hofner, Kurt: Zwischen Bestürzung und Entzücken (S. 19); Pezzl, Johann: Einer der ergiebigsten Striche (S. 20); Schindler, Herbert: Das erste Gäubodendorf (S. 20); Schefstoß, Pfatter - Das größte Dorf im Bezirk (S. 21); Fendl, Josef: Die Pfatter (S. 22); Lohmeier, Georg: Die Bayerische Kornkammer (S. 22); Lohmeier, Georg: Ein respektables Pfarrdorf (S. 23); Pezzl, Johann: Ein im Zirkel gebautes Polygon (S. 23); Pezzl, Johann: Eine vortrefflich gebaute Landschule (S. 24); Lohmeier, Georg, 68 schöne Zimmer (S. 24); Lohmeier, Georg, Lustige Üppigkeit (S. 25); Schindler, Herbert: Ein Höhepunkt Bayerischer Rokokomalerei (S. 26); Fendl, Josef: 1200 Jahre Sünching (S. 26); Schnirle, Joseph: Die strategische Bedeutung des Pfarrbaums (S. 27); Schindler, Herbert: Triftlfinger Strafen um 1650 (S. 27); Schindler, Herbert: Maria Schnee (S. 29); Fendl, Josef: Die Via Appia Antiqua des Donaugaues; Schnirle, Joseph: Prunksäle finden sich nicht (S. 33); Pfarrer Lohrer: Unzählige Lebehoch erfüllten die Luft (S. 34); Schirle, Joseph: Die Zeit des Poststalls und des Wanderstabs (S. 34); Oberneder, Marzell: Kirchweih in Niederbayern (S. 34); Müller, Adalbert: Im Schoosse des Überflusses (S. 34); Kammermeier, Willibald: Der Gäuboden - ein Land des Masses (S. 35); von Merveldt, Eka: Eine Landschaft arkadischer Heiterkeit (S. 35

LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie