A aplicação tópica de prata no tratamento de feridas infetadas : revisão sistemática da literatura

A aplicação tópica de prata no tratamento de feridas infetadas: revisão sistemática da literatura Contexto: Os materiais tópicos impregnados com prata estão a ser usados de forma crescente no tratamento de feridas agudas e crónicas; contudo, a evidência da eficácia do tratamento com prata no cuidado a feridas é colocada em questão. Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia da aplicação de prata no tratamento de feridas infetadas. Métodos: As bases de dados pesquisadas foram a EBSCO, a PubMed e a JBI Library, procurando ensaios clínicos relevantes publicados entre 2013 a 2015. Incluíram-se estudos que estudassem qualquer tipo de material com prata comparado com outros materiais sem prata, que preenchessem critérios de inclusão tais como apenas feridas infetadas, em humanos e atendendo à qualidade metodológica. Resultados: Identificaram-se apenas dois ensaios clínicos randomizados, que incluíram um total de 114 indivíduos. A qualidade metodológica destes estudos é boa. Um estudo comparou sulfadiazina de prata com gel de petrolato, em queimaduras de segundo grau, mostrando melhores resultados com o último. Outro estudo comparou pensos com prata nanocristalina (Acticoat®) com compressas simples em feridas militares, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa nos principais outcomes, evidenciando apenas melhores resultados no odor. Conclusão: Verificou-se que não existe evidência científica na aplicação de prata em feridas infetadas, com exceto na redução de odor. São precisos mais ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados de boa qualidade para confirmar estes resultados de forma válida. Palavras-chave: Prata, Cicatrização de Feridas, Infeção de Feridas, Feridas e LesõesAbstract Silver Topical Application in infected Wound Care: Systematic Literature Review Background: Topical treatments impregnated with silver are being increasingly used in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds; however, the evidence on the effectiveness of silver wound care treatment is in question. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of silver in infected wound care treatment. Methods: Research databases were consulted including the EBSCO, the PubMed and the JBI Library for relevant clinical trials from 2013 to 2015. Studies deemed to include any form of silver material compared with non-silver materials and have met inclusion criteria such as only infected wound, in humans and methodological quality. Results: Only two randomized clinical trials were identified including a total of 114 subjects. Methodological quality of these studies is good. One study compared silver sulfadiazine and petrolatum gel in superficial partial thickness burns, showing better results with the last one. Another study compared nanocrystalline silver dressings (Acticoat®) and plain gauze in military wounds, without statistically significant difference in the main outcomes, showing only better results in odor. Conclusion: It was found that there is no scientific evidence in the application in silver infected wounds, except with the odor reduction. It takes more randomized controlled trials of good quality to confirm these results in a valid way. Keywords: Silver, Wound Healing, Wound Infection, Wounds and Injuries

Resumos concluídos - Medicina

Resumos concluídos - Medicin

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data