Um olhar territorial para o desenvolvimento: Amazônia

Inclui bibliografiasConteúdo: Parte 1. Contribuição do BNDES para o desenvolvimento da região: Iniciativas do governo federal para o desenvolvimento da Região Norte e oportunidades de atuação coordenada / Álvaro Larrabure Costa Correa, Antonio José Alves Junior, Cristiana Starling de Moraes, Isabel Machado Cavalcanti, Isamara Seabra, Joselito Bonifácio Oliveira, Victor Alexander Contarato Burns. O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Amazônica / Nelson Siffert, Dalmo dos Santos Marchetti, Andre Zanette, Edson Dalto, Evaristo Rios, Georgia Romeiro, Marcus Cardoso E Nelson Tucci. Transformando recursos naturais em desenvolvimento na Região Norte / Rodrigo Matos Huet De Bacellar E Marcelo Gonçalves Tavares. Atuação da Área Industrial do BNDES na Região Norte: ações de fomento em torno das potencialidades locais / Flávia das Chagas Lacerda, Job Rodrigues Teixeira Junior, Luis Otávio Reiff, Luiza Sidonio, Luciana Xavier De Lemos Capanema, Mauricio Dos Santos Neves, Ricardo Rivera De Sousa Lima. Atuação da Área de Infraestrutura Social do BNDES na Região Norte / Irapuan de Menezes Braga, Ricardo Ramos. A rede de capilaridade do BNDES na Região Norte para o apoio às micro, pequenas e médias empresas / Andrea Varela Ramos Fuchs loch, Cláudio Rabelo Figueredo, João Alfredo Barcellos e Thiago Alessandro Soares De Paula. Desenvolvimento, conservação, inovação e sustentabilidade na Amazônia / Sergio Weguelin, Claudia Soares Costa, Angela Albernaz Skaf, Bernardo Von Haehling Braune. Apoio à agropecuária sustentável e à inclusão socioprodutiva na Região Norte/ Leonardo de Moura Perdigão Pamplona, Guilherme Baptista da Silva Maia, Geraldo Smith, Marcelo Porteiro. A dimensão Território da atuação do BNDES / Cláudio Figueiredo Coelho Leal, Ana Christina Moreno Maia Barbosa, Luiz Antonio Pazos Moraes, William George Lopes Saab, Clara Siqueira Neves Da Rocha - Parte 2. Oportunidades para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia: Dinâmicas produtivas e inovativas: perspectivas para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Região Norte / Francisco De Assis Costa. Oportunidades de inovação tecnológica na Amazônia / José Seixas Lourenço, Patrícia Chaves De Oliveira. É sustentável o desenvolvimento da Amazônia? / Ennio Candotti. Cartografia social da Amazônia: os significados de território e o rito de passagem da "proteção" ao "protecionismo" / Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida. Dinâmicas produtivas, transformações no uso da terra e sustentabilidade na Amazônia/ Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira Santos Junior, Peter Mann De Toledo. A Amazônia como um território estratégico e os desafios às políticas públicas / Bertha Koiffmann Becker. Sobre os autores

O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Amazônica

Bibliografia: p. 134-135O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir acerca da infraestrutura da Região Norte, especificamente dos segmentos de logística e energia elétrica. Para efetuar tal análise, o artigo traça o panorama atual da infraestrutura regional e da atuação do BNDES, incluindo o apoio a projetos estruturantes e seus entornos. Com esse cenário,o trabalho apresenta algumas considerações para aprimorar a infraestrutura da Região Norte que possam servir de inspiração para a atuação do BNDES, de modo a promover maior integração da região e ampliar o desenvolvimento econômico regional.This study is aimed at reflecting on infrastructure in the North Region, specifically on the logistics and electric energy segments. To carry out this analysis, the article outlines the current panorama of regional infrastructure and the BNDES’ efforts, including support for both structuring projects and the surrounding areas. Within this scenario, the paper presents some considerations aimed at improving infrastructure in the North Region that may help inspire the BNDES’ efforts, so as to foster better integration within the region and expand regional economic development

O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Sudeste

Bibliografia: p. 177O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir acerca da infraestrutura da Região Sudeste, especificamente dos segmentos de logística e energia elétrica. Para efetuar tal análise, o artigo traça o panorama atual da infraestrutura regional e da atuação do BNDES, incluindo o apoio a projetos estruturantes e seus entornos. Com esse cenário, o trabalho apresenta algumas considerações para aprimorar a infraestrutura da Região Sudeste que possam servir de inspiração para a atuação do Banco, de modo a promover maior integração da região e ampliar o desenvolvimento econômico regional.This study is aimed at reflecting on infrastructure in the Southeast Region, specifically on the logistics and electric energy segments. To do so, the article outlines the current panorama of regional infrastructure and the BNDES’ efforts, including support for both structuring projects and surrounding areas. Within this scenario, the paper presents some considerations for improving infrastructure in the Southeast Region that may serve as inspiration for the BNDES’ efforts, so as to foster better integration within the region and expand regional economic development

O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Centro-Oeste

Bibliografia: p. 215-217Este capítulo tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão acerca da infraestrutura da Região Centro-Oeste, especificamente no que diz respeito aos segmentos de logística e energia elétrica. Para efetuar tal análise, o artigo traça o panorama atual da infraestrutura regional e da atuação do BNDES. Com esse cenário, o trabalho apresenta algumas considerações a fim de aprimorar a infraestrutura da Região Centro-Oeste que podem servir de inspiração para a atuação futura do BNDES, de modo a promover maior integração e a ampliar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional.This chapter aims to reflect on infrastructure in the Central-West Region, specifically regarding the logistics and electric energy segments. For this analysis, the article outlines the current situation of regional infrastructure and the BNDES’ efforts. With this scenario, the paper presents some considerations to improve infrastructure in the Central-West Region which may serve as inspiration for the BNDES’ future efforts in order to foster greater integration and to expand the regional socioeconomic developmen

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks