266 research outputs found
Reduction of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in commercial poultry
Use of antibiotics for companion animals and livestock in the Netherlands has reduced by more than 60% over the last 10 years (SDa 2019; MARAN-2019). This reduction is the result of a change in policy towards the use of antibiotics in veterinary practice and is characterized by a series of coherent political decisions which changed the playing field for farmers and veterinarians considerably. In the years before 2009 the Netherlands was a high consumer of antibiotics in veterinary practice (Grave et al., 2010). The ban of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) did not result in a reduction in total use since in the Netherlands the AGPs were fully replaced by antibiotics licensed for therapy. The total sales of all antibiotics remained stable at around 600 tons from 2000 to 2009.This use pattern resulted in high levels of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from livestock and food thereof and high prevalence of Livestock Associated MRSA and ESBL-producing E. coli and Salmonella (MARAN, 2019; RIVM, 2009). Specifically, ESBL-producing isolates in the food chain were considered a risk for public health and their high prevalences, predominantly but not solely in poultry and poultry meat products were the direct reason to initiate the change in policy towards antibiotic use in animals.In this manuscript the trends in antibiotic use in poultry will be explored in the context of total use in livestock and its effect on the occurrence and trends in ESBL-producers and antimicrobial resistance in other bacterial species from poultry
Highly deformed Ca configurations in Si + C
The possible occurrence of highly deformed configurations in the Ca
di-nuclear system formed in the Si + C reaction is investigated
by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles. Both inclusive and
exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments (A 10) and their
associated light charged particles (protons and particles) have been
made at the IReS Strasbourg {\sc VIVITRON} Tandem facility at bombarding
energies of Si) = 112 MeV and 180 MeV by using the {\sc ICARE}
charged particle multidetector array. The energy spectra, velocity
distributions, and both in-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of light
charged particles are compared to statistical-model calculations using a
consistent set of parameters with spin-dependent level densities. The analysis
suggests the onset of large nuclear deformation in Ca at high spin.Comment: 33 pages, 11 figure
Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment
A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.2–2.3 π mm-rad horizontally and 0.6–1.0 π mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90–190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE
Measurement of the B0-anti-B0-Oscillation Frequency with Inclusive Dilepton Events
The - oscillation frequency has been measured with a sample of
23 million \B\bar B pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II
asymmetric B Factory at SLAC. In this sample, we select events in which both B
mesons decay semileptonically and use the charge of the leptons to identify the
flavor of each B meson. A simultaneous fit to the decay time difference
distributions for opposite- and same-sign dilepton events gives ps.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physical Review Letter
Detector Description and Performance for the First Coincidence Observations between LIGO and GEO
For 17 days in August and September 2002, the LIGO and GEO interferometer
gravitational wave detectors were operated in coincidence to produce their
first data for scientific analysis. Although the detectors were still far from
their design sensitivity levels, the data can be used to place better upper
limits on the flux of gravitational waves incident on the earth than previous
direct measurements. This paper describes the instruments and the data in some
detail, as a companion to analysis papers based on the first data.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures 17 Sept 03: author list amended, minor editorial
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Research priorities in the secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation: a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute virtual workshop report
There has been sustained focus on the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and heart failure; yet, apart from stroke prevention, the evidence base for the secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, AF progression, and AF-related complications is modest. Although there are multiple observational studies, there are few large, robust, randomized trials providing definitive effective approaches for the secondary prevention of AF. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of AF nationally and internationally, the AF field needs transformative research and a commitment to evidenced-based secondary prevention strategies. We report on a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute virtual workshop directed at identifying knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the secondary prevention of AF. Once AF has been detected, lifestyle changes and novel models of care delivery may contribute to the prevention of AF recurrence, AF progression, and AF-related complications. Although benefits seen in small subgroups, cohort studies, and selected randomized trials are impressive, the widespread effectiveness of AF secondary prevention strategies remains unknown, calling for development of scalable interventions suitable for diverse populations and for identification of subpopulations who may particularly benefit from intensive management. We identified critical research questions for 6 topics relevant to the secondary prevention of AF: (1) weight loss; (2) alcohol intake, smoking cessation, and diet; (3) cardiac rehabilitation; (4) approaches to sleep disorders; (5) integrated, team-based care; and (6) nonanticoagulant pharmacotherapy. Our goal is to stimulate innovative research that will accelerate the generation of the evidence to effectively pursue the secondary prevention of AF.Emelia J. Benjamin, Sana M. Al-Khatib, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Alvaro Alonso, Luc Djoussé, Daniel E. Forman, Anne M. Gillis, Jeroen M.L. Hendriks, Mellanie True Hills, Paulus Kirchhof, Mark S. Link, Gregory M. Marcus, Reena Mehra, Katherine T. Murray, Ratika Parkash, Ileana L. Piña, Susan Redline, Michiel Rienstra, Prashanthan Sanders, Virend K. Somers, David R. Van Wagoner, Paul J. Wang, Lawton S. Cooper, Alan S. G
Sistema de controle adaptativo aplicado a um sistema de distribuição de água com ênfase na eficiência energética
Design and construction of the MicroBooNE detector
This paper describes the design and construction of the MicroBooNE liquid
argon time projection chamber and associated systems. MicroBooNE is the first
phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will
utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment
of physics topics. In this document details of design specifications, assembly
procedures, and acceptance tests are reported
Measurement of the CP-Violating Asymmetry Amplitude sin2
We present results on time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B decays to several CP eigenstates. The measurements use a data sample of about 88 million Y(4S) --> B Bbar decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We study events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a final state containing a charmonium meson and the other B meson is determined to be either a B0 or B0bar from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2beta, is derived from the decay-time distributions in such events. We measure sin2beta = 0.741 +/- 0.067 (stat) +/- 0.033 (syst) and |lambda| = 0.948 +/- 0.051 (stat) +/- 0.017 (syst). The magnitude of lambda is consistent with unity, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of no direct CP violation in these modes
A search for the decay
We search for the rare flavor-changing neutral-current decay in a data sample of 82 fb collected with the {\sl BABAR}
detector at the PEP-II B-factory. Signal events are selected by examining the
properties of the system recoiling against either a reconstructed hadronic or
semileptonic charged-B decay. Using these two independent samples we obtain a
combined limit of
at the 90% confidence level. In addition, by selecting for pions rather than
kaons, we obtain a limit of using only the hadronic B reconstruction method.Comment: 7 pages, 8 postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
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