Maternal and perinatal results in pregnant women with COVID-19. Molina Scippa Marino Hospital 2020-2021

Introducción. La gestante es considerada más susceptible a infecciones virales, por ello, durante la pandemia se consideró como grupo de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad; así como, para presentar complicaciones obstétricas.Objetivo. Determinar los resultados maternos y perinatales en gestantes con COVID-19 positivo atendidas en el Hospital Marino Molina Scippa entre el 2020 y 2021.Materiales y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal, se incluyeron 298 gestantes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 atendidas en el Servicio de Ginecoobstetricia desde el diagnóstico de la infección hasta el puerperio entre los años 2020 y 2021. Se revisaron historias clínicas, libro de nacimientos y fichas epidemiológicas para recolectar variablessociodemográficas, reproductivas, de patología obstétrica y características del recién nacido. El análisis descriptivo se realizó en SPSS v. 25.Resultados. El promedio de edad de las gestantes fue 31 años, con 2,3 ± 1,3 gestaciones y una media de 32,8 semanas de gestación, no controlada (55,4%) y sin comorbilidad (68,5%). El 91,4% culminó el embarazo en parto, 51,5% parto eutócico y 39,9% cesárea; el 51,1% de recién nacido (RN) fue de sexo masculino, 91,4% con Apgar normal, normopeso (87,9%) y líquido amniótico claro (87,2%). El 58,8% de RN tuvo clampaje tardío de cordón umbilical, contacto piel a piel, lactancia precoz y el 72,4% tuvo alojamiento conjunto. Cuando la infección se presentó en el I trimestre, el 30,2% presentó amenaza de aborto y 9,3% hiperémesis gravídica, en el II trimestre el 24,0%Infección del tracto urinario (ITU) y 16,0% Amenaza de parto pretérmino (APP) y en el III trimestre 12,9% ITU y 11,3% Rotura prematura de las membranas (RPM). El 29,4% de puérperas tuvo anemia, 5,7% hipotonía uterina y 1,8% atonía uterina.Conclusiones. La mayoría culminó la gestación en parto (91,4%), con RN saludable, se inició lactancia precoz y hubo alojamiento conjunto. Las complicaciones obstétricas más frecuentes fueron la amenaza de aborto (I trimestre) e ITU (II y III trimestre).Introduction. Pregnant women are considered more susceptible to viral infections, therefore, during the pandemic they will be considered as a risk group for the development of the disease; as well as, to present obstetric complications.Objetive. To determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with positive COVID-19 treated at the Hospital Marino Molina Scippa between 2020 and 2021.Materials and methods. Descriptive and cross-sectional study, 298 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service were included from the diagnosis of the infection until the puerperium between the years 2020 and 2021. Medical records, birth book and epidemiological records were reviewed. to collect sociodemographic, reproductive, obstetric pathology and newborn characteristics variables. The descriptive analysis was performed in SPSS v. 25.Results. The mean age of the pregnant women was 31 years, with 2.3 ± 1.3 pregnancies and a mean of 32.8 weeks of gestation, uncontrolled (55.4%) and without comorbidity (68.5%). 91.4% ended the pregnancy in delivery, 51.5% normal delivery and 39.9% cesarean section; 51.1% of the newborn (NB) was male, 91.4% with normal Apgar, normal weight (87.9%) and clear amniotic fluid (87.2%). 58.8% of newborns had late clamping of the umbilical cord, skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding and 72.4% had rooming-in. When the infection occurred in the I, 30.2% presented threatened abortion and 9.3% hyperemesis gravidarum, in the II trimester 24.0%Urinary tract infection (UTI) and 16.0% Threatened preterm labor (APP) and in the third trimester 12.9% UTI and 11.3% Premature rupture of the membranes (RPM). 29.4% of postpartum women had anemia, 5.7% uterine hypotonia and 1.8% uterine atony.Conclusions. The majority ended the pregnancy in childbirth (91.4%), with a healthy NB, early lactation and rooming-in. The most frequent obstetric complications were threatened abortion (I trimester) and UTI (II and III trimester)

Use of covalent dynamic networks as binders on epoxy-based carbon fiber composites: Effect on properties, processing, and recyclability

Composites are gaining widespread market interest due to their outstanding mechanical properties and light weight. However, this growth is hindered by the lack of sustainable recycling solutions. This research aims to integrate reversible chemistries to advanced carbon fiber‐reinforced composite materials for recycling in a so‐called eco‐design, circular approach. Diene and dienophile reactions are generated at the surface of the carbon fiber allowing a bond–debond interaction with the epoxy matrix. The application of the Diels–Alder adduct on the fiber modifies its polarity and structure. This research assesses a biobased and synthetic epoxy equivalent and demonstrates that this newly developed interphase chemistry has a direct impact on the crosslinking efficiency of the resin, as well as on their interlaminar properties. Furthermore, it has been observed that depending on the type of resin, these changes can have differing impacts on final properties of the composite, reducing the crosslinking density up to 50% in some modifications while in others the Tg remains constant

Antibody responses to the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine and plasmodium falciparum antigens after a booster dose within the phase 3 trial in Mozambique

Study of immune correlates against malaria after vaccination with RTS,S/ASO1E: a comphrensive immunological arm of a Phase III double-blind, randomize, controlled multi-centre trial (MAL067).Dades primàries associades a l'article publicat a NPJ Vaccines, vol. 5 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0192-7]The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine has shown consistent but partial vaccine efficacy in a pediatric phase 3 26 clinical trial using a 3-dose immunization schedule. A fourth dose 18 months after the primary 27 vaccination was shown to restore the waning efficacy. However, only total IgG against the 28 immunodominant malaria vaccine epitope has been analyzed following the booster. To better 29 characterize the magnitude, nature and longevity of the immune response to the booster, we 30 measured levels of total IgM, IgG and IgG1-4 subclasses against three constructs of the 31 circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, also present in RTS,S) 32 by quantitative suspension array technology in 50 subjects in the phase 3 trial in Manhiça, 33 Mozambique. To explore the impact of vaccination on naturally acquired immune responses, we 34 measured antibodies to P. falciparum antigens not included in RTS,S. We found increased IgG, 35 IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4, but not IgG2 nor IgM, levels against vaccine antigens one month after the 4th 36 dose. Overall, antibody responses to the booster dose were lower than the initial peak 37 response to primary immunization and children had higher IgG and IgG1 levels than infants. 38 Higher anti-Rh5 IgG and IgG1-4 levels were detected after the booster dose, suggesting that RTS,S 39 partial protection could increase some blood stage antibody responses. Our work shows that the 40 response to the RTS,S/AS01E booster dose is different from the primary vaccine immune 41 response and highlights the dynamic changes in subclass antibody patterns upon the vaccine 42 booster and with acquisition of adaptive immunity to malaria

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe