194 research outputs found

    The Extreme Right in Spain. Surviving in the Shadow of Franco (1975-2014)

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    In this master thesis my aim is to investigate the extreme right in Spain after Franco, from 1975 to 2014. I will compare the three largest extreme right movements, FE de las JONS, CEDADE and Fuerza Nueva with the newly created coalition LEM. After almost 40 years of a national catholic dictatorship did Spain transform into a democracy in a couple of years. The importance of Franco s person and the lack of cooperation between the remaining Francoist secured the easy democratic transition. The Falangist tradition of José Antonio Primo de Rivera and Franco s regime have been of massive importance to the post-Franco extreme right in Spain. They claim to represent something new, but they are unable to escape the national catholic traditions of their predecessor

    Themes and trends in Australian and New Zealand tourism research: A social network analysis of citations in two leading journals (1994-2007)

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    Assessments and rankings of the contribution and influence of scholars, institutions and journals in tourism are becoming increasingly common. This article extends the existing literature by providing a finer grained understanding of key influences in tourism research. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the tourism literature by examining papers authored by Australian and New Zealand researchers in Annals of Tourism Research and Tourism Management between 1994 and 2007. A general picture of the field is drawn by examining keywords, the most-cited authors and works, as well as co-citation patterns. The analysis is extended by the use of social network analysis to explore the links between keywords and influential works in the field. The article also addresses the conference theme by identifying emerging themes and influences. Results indicate that tourism research in Australia and New Zealand has been strongly influenced by sociology and anthropology, geography and behavioural psychology. Emerging themes have focused on the health and safety of tourists, risk, wine tourism and segmentation

    Sustainable Consumption Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Framework

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    This paper develops a conceptual framework for investigating the adoption patterns, inhibitors, and facilitators ( PIF ) of sustainable consumption in sub-Sahara African ( SSA ) settings. Literature evidence shows paucity of empirical studies on sustainable consumption from SSA , which partly explains lack of suitable conceptual framework to guide research in this area. Also, the existing frameworks, which were developed outside SSA may not be suitable for constructing sustainable consumption behavior in SSA because of its peculiarities. The key signifi cance of this article is the potential of providing future researchers in this area with a framework to guide and manage their studies. As a conceptual article, insight was drawn from a plethora of scholarly articles in the domain of sustainable consumption and related areas. The framework is built on four key constructs—adoption patterns, inhibitors, facilitators ( PIF ), and intention. As a guide for studies from the SSA , the article includes an empirical section, which provides preliminary empirical validation for the proposed PIF conceptual framework based on a pilot test. The result from the pilot study, using structural equation modeling ( SEM ), led to positing the PIF Sustainable Consumption model, thus giving support for the PIF Conceptual Framework, which this article puts forward. In addition, the proposed PIF conceptual framework is capable of providing insight for crafting sustainability-related policies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

    Green consumer segmentation: managerial and environmental implications from the perspective of business strategies and practices

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    With the new millennium, environmental concern entered a new phase, with stricter governmental regulations and incentives. Currently, within environmental issues, there is a broader challenge to commitment with economic and social goals. This is motivating companies and organizations to participate in transformation processes with the aim of minimizing the negative impacts of their activities. Within this context, new business philosophies, emerged empowering organizations to consider sustainability issues that have come to be viewed as an innovative and differentiating factor, providing competitive advantages (Fraj-Andres, MartinezSalinas, & Matute-Vallejo. Journal of Business Ethics, 88,263-286, 2009; Leipziger. The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 2016; Leipziger. The corporate responsibility code book. Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 2016). Therefore, organizations have begun incorporating these concerns in their processes, adopting green management policies, and including green marketing strategies in order to remain competitive (Straughan & Roberts. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(6), 558-575, 1999; Rivera-Camino. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1328-1358, 2007). From the marketing perspective, the importance of understanding green consumer behaviour in order to develop better segmentation and targeting strategies is highlighted. Green consumers are changing significantly. Consumers, although with some reluctance, are moving to greener products. The Mintel organization reported that the number of consumers buying green has tripled in recent years. Furthermore, it found that the number of consumers that never bought green products have decreased. These results show that widespread environmental awareness had an important role in purchasing behaviour, with more consumers considering the environmental impact of their buying decisions and looking for a greener alternative to their conventional purchasing options. The existing literature suggests that previous research regarding the green consumer profile has different perspectives. The first group of researchers attempted to characterize green consumer profile using sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, education, income and occupation. In tum, the second group of researchers used psychographic variables instead of sociodemographic ones (Mainieri, Barnett, Valdero, Unipan, & Oskamp. Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 189-204, 1997). This chapter aims to better explore the importance of green consumer segmentation and its implications from a management point of view. More specifically, the aim is to analyze which variables better characterize green consumers (sociodemographic and psychographic). At the end, a theoretical framework is proposed to enable and support organizations to better understand green consumer profile. It also enables managers and marketers to target and develop better marketing strategies for these segments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A conceptual model for driving green purchase among indian consumers

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    Marketing is considered as responsible for increasing consumerism and overuse of limited resources. An endeavour to promote sustainable consumption is the need of the hour and an answer to growing concerns towards it is required. Marketing can be used as a tool to promote sustainability and increase responsible consumption. Many products which have energy saving potential can be successfully promoted through marketing activities. Increasingly, consumers are becoming aware about the issue and through constant marketing efforts green products and sustainable consumption can be taken to a high level. Contextual factors like value for money, features and selling point communication can play a crucial role in increasing the purchase of green products. Several studies are being conducted in this area but there is still a need for more research particularly in India. This paper will be a contribution to the existing area of knowledge and will focus on discovering the role which marketing can play in promoting sustainability among consumers in India. The factors which are responsible for sustainable consumption are explored and a conceptual model has been suggested which may help marketers in promoting green products and provide a platform for further research

    Change detection of deforestation with Sentinel-1 SAR imagery

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    Kartlegging av vegetasjon med Sentinel-2 multispektrale bildesatellitter er velrenommert, og mye brukt den dag i dag. Fordi Sentinel-2 er en bildesatellitt krever den klar sikt til bakken med tilstrekkelig sollys for Ă„ tydelig detektere jordoverflaten. Forholdene og Ă„rstidene i Norge byr pĂ„ sine utfordringer med mye skydekke, mĂžrketid og snĂždekke store deler av Ă„ret. I denne oppgaven er endringsanalyse pĂ„ VV- og VH-polariserte bilder fra Sentinel-1 SAR forsĂžkt med objekt klassifisering. ForsĂžket gĂ„r ut pĂ„ Ă„ se om Sentinel-1 kan utfĂžre endringsanalyse pĂ„ vintersesongen, da Sentinel-2 multispektrale bilder ikke kan brukes til kartlegging grunnet snĂždekke. Klassifiseringen er gjort med tre forskjellige algoritmer, Tilfeldig treutvalg (RFC), StĂžttevektormaskin (SVM) og NĂŠrmeste nabo (KNN). OmrĂ„det betraktet i oppgaven er skogkommunen Aurskog-HĂžland. Trenings-/testdatasettet kommer fra endringsanalyse utfĂžrt med U-Net "deep learning" pĂ„ Sentinel-2 bilder, levert av Blom oppgaven skrives for. Treningsdatasettet bestĂ„r av totalt 356 hogstflater felt mellom sommeren- 2019 og 2020. Bare hogstflatene felt mellom oktober 2019 og april 2020 er tatt med i oppgaven for Ă„ se om endringer pĂ„ vintersesong kan detekteres med SAR-bilder. Klassifiseringen er utfĂžrt med binĂŠrt utvalg som er skog- eller hogstflate. Datasettet brukt i oppgaven bestĂ„r totalt av 130 hogstpolygoner og 77 skogpolygoner. En middelverdi av hvert polygon pĂ„ alle SAR-bildene brukes som trenings- og testdata i klassifisering. Det er tre datasett som testes separat. Datasett en bestĂ„r av SAR-bilder fĂžr og etter vintersesongen, altsĂ„ fĂžr og etter hogst pĂ„ hogstflatene tatt til betrakting i oppgaven. Datasett to bestĂ„r av SAR-bilder fĂžr og vintersesongen, altsĂ„ fĂžr og under tiden hogsten i oppgaven er utfĂžrt. Datasett tre er samme tidspunkt som datasett to, men med bare VH-polarisering. En enkel pikselklassifisering er utfĂžrt med alle maskinlĂŠringene trent opp pĂ„ objektklassifiseringene utfĂžrt pĂ„ polygonene. Resultatene med SVM pĂ„ datasett en og to var sĂ„ Ă„ si helt like med f1-tall pĂ„ 87,3%. Resultatene samlet indikerer at SAR har tilstrekkelig med informasjon til Ă„ detektere endringer i skogomrĂ„der. Bildeklassifiseringen viser ogsĂ„ med Sentinel-1 klarer maskinlĂŠringene Ă„ skille ut store deler av hogstene i et utvalgt studieomrĂ„de. Konklusjonen er at Sentinel-1 har et mulig bruksomrĂ„de for skogovervĂ„king i Norge, men dette krever videre arbeid.Vegetation mapping with Sentinel-2 multispectral image satellites is reputable and widely used to this day. Because Sentinel-2 is an imaging satellite, it requires a clear view of the ground with sufficient sunlight to detect the earth's surface. The conditions and seasons in Norway offer their challenges with a lot of cloud cover, dark time, and snow cover most of the year. This thesis attempts to apply a change detection with VV- and VH-polarized images from Sentinel-1 SAR, with object-orientated classification. The experiment examined whether Sentinel-1 can perform change analysis during the winter season, as Sentinel-2 multispectral images can not deliver mapping due to snow cover. Three di_erent classi_cations were used, Random Forest Classifier (RFC), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The area considered in the thesis is the forest municipality Aurskog-HĂžland. The training/test dataset comes from change analysis performed with U-Net “deep learning" on Sentinel-2 images, provided by Blom, for whom the thesis was written. The training data set consists of 356 harvested fields between the summer of 2019 and 2020. Only the harvested fields between October 2019 and April 2020 are included in the task to see if changes in the winter season could be done with SAR images. The classi_cations including a binary sample, forest, or deforested area. The dataset used in the thesis consists of a total of 130 deforestation polygons and 77 forest polygons. The raining and test data consist of a median value taken from each polygon on all SAR images. Three data sets were separately tested. Dataset one consists of SAR images before and after the winter season, which means before and after the deforestations used in this thesis took place. Dataset two consists of SAR images before and during the winter season, which means before and during deforestation. Data set three uses the exact measurements as data set two but with only VH- polarization. As well as object classi_cation, a simple pixel classification with all the machine learning algorithms was tested to output classified images. The results with SVM on data sets one and two were almost the same with f1 numbers of 87.3 %. The overall results indicate that SAR has sufficient information to detect changes in forest areas. The image classification also shows that with Sentinel-1, machine learning can distinguish large parts of the harvests in a selected study area. The conclusion is that Sentinel-1 can be used in forest monitoring in Norway, but this requires further work.M-GEO

    Endringsanalyse av hogstfelt med Sentinel-1 SAR-bilder

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    Kartlegging av vegetasjon med Sentinel-2 multispektrale bildesatellitter er velrenommert, og mye brukt den dag i dag. Fordi Sentinel-2 er en bildesatellitt krever den klar sikt til bakken med tilstrekkelig sollys for Ä tydelig detektere jordoverflaten. Forholdene og Ärstidene i Norge byr pÄ sine utfordringer med mye skydekke, mÞrketid og snÞdekke store deler av Äret. I denne oppgaven er endringsanalyse pÄ VV- og VH-polariserte bilder fra Sentinel-1 SAR forsÞkt med objekt klassifisering. ForsÞket gÄr ut pÄ Ä se om Sentinel-1 kan utfÞre endringsanalyse pÄ vintersesongen, da Sentinel-2 multispektrale bilder ikke kan brukes til kartlegging grunnet snÞdekke. Klassifiseringen er gjort med tre forskjellige algoritmer, Tilfeldig treutvalg (RFC), StÞttevektormaskin (SVM) og NÊrmeste nabo (KNN). OmrÄdet betraktet i oppgaven er skogkommunen Aurskog-HÞland. Trenings-/testdatasettet kommer fra endringsanalyse utfÞrt med U-Net "deep learning" pÄ Sentinel-2 bilder, levert av Blom oppgaven skrives for. Treningsdatasettet bestÄr av totalt 356 hogstflater felt mellom sommeren- 2019 og 2020. Bare hogstflatene felt mellom oktober 2019 og april 2020 er tatt med i oppgaven for Ä se om endringer pÄ vintersesong kan detekteres med SAR-bilder. Klassifiseringen er utfÞrt med binÊrt utvalg som er skog- eller hogstflate. Datasettet brukt i oppgaven bestÄr totalt av 130 hogstpolygoner og 77 skogpolygoner. En middelverdi av hvert polygon pÄ alle SAR-bildene brukes som trenings- og testdata i klassifisering. Det er tre datasett som testes separat. Datasett en bestÄr av SAR-bilder fÞr og etter vintersesongen, altsÄ fÞr og etter hogst pÄ hogstflatene tatt til betrakting i oppgaven. Datasett to bestÄr av SAR-bilder fÞr og vintersesongen, altsÄ fÞr og under tiden hogsten i oppgaven er utfÞrt. Datasett tre er samme tidspunkt som datasett to, men med bare VH-polarisering. En enkel pikselklassifisering er utfÞrt med alle maskinlÊringene trent opp pÄ objektklassifiseringene utfÞrt pÄ polygonene. Resultatene med SVM pÄ datasett en og to var sÄ Ä si helt like med f1-tall pÄ 87,3%. Resultatene samlet indikerer at SAR har tilstrekkelig med informasjon til Ä detektere endringer i skogomrÄder. Bildeklassifiseringen viser ogsÄ med Sentinel-1 klarer maskinlÊringene Ä skille ut store deler av hogstene i et utvalgt studieomrÄde. Konklusjonen er at Sentinel-1 har et mulig bruksomrÄde for skogovervÄking i Norge, men dette krever videre arbeid

    Challenge by Choice: A Dangerous Illusion?

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    This abstract was published in Proceedings of the Challenging Leisure: Australia and New Zealand Association of Leisure Studies 10th Biennial Conference

    Oljeprisens effekt pÄ norske oljeinvesteringer 1975-2015 - En empirisk analyse av ulike investeringsarter i den norske oljenÊringen

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    Oljesektoren i Norge har hatt stor betydning pÄ den norske Þkonomien de siste fem tiÄrene. I 1969 ble det fÞrste oljefunnet gjort pÄ den norske kontinentalsokkel. Dette fÞrte til store inntekter i Ärene som fulgte. I 2015 utgjorde oljesektoren mer enn 20 prosent av BNP, hvilket gjÞr det viktig Ä forstÄ mekanismene i industrien, spesielt for myndigheter og Þkonomer. FormÄlet med denne masteroppgaven er Ä undersÞke effekter av endringer i oljepris pÄ investeringer pÄ den norske kontinentalsokkel. Ved Ä bruke minste kvadraters metode pÄ et tidsseriedatasett, estimeres effekten av oljeprisen pÄ to typer investeringer. Dataene er innhentet fra SSB og bestÄr av Ärlige observasjoner pÄ leteinvesteringer og investeringer i oljerigger, plattformer og moduler, i tillegg til andre nÞkkelvariabler. Observasjonene strekker seg fra Är 1975 til 2015. Resultatene fra estimeringene viser at oljeprisen har en signifikant effekt pÄ leteinvesteringer, men ikke pÄ investeringer i rigg, plattform og moduler. Videre viser det seg at effekten av forklaringsvariablene er ulik under et regime hvor kortsiktig prisendring er negativ sammenlignet med et regime hvor prisendringen er positiv
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