Análisis, diseño e implementación de una aplicación móvil que facilite el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del lenguaje de los niños con síndrome de down del inicial II de la fundación Fasinarm de Guayaquil.

Vivimos en una era tecnológica que permea todos los ámbitos en los que los seres humanos nos desenvolvemos: la casa, el trabajo, el transporte, la salud, la comunicación, etc. La tecnología procura hacer más segura y confortable la vida de las personas, cosa que se pude conseguir haciendo buen uso de ella. En el ámbito de la educación la tecnología también ha incursionado notablemente, proporcionando, sobre todo, nuevas herramientas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. En el Ecuador existen fundaciones que se preocupan de la formación integral de niños, jóvenes y adultos con capacidades especiales, y de su inclusión dentro de la sociedad. Una de estas fundaciones es la Fundación FASINARM que tiene muchos años de experiencia en el campo de la educación especial. La Fundación FASINARM cuenta con algunas herramientas tecnológicas en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que brinda a sus estudiantes. Sin embrago, estas herramientas no son abundantes. Por ello, el presente proyecto quiere ofrecer una herramienta más, destinada a los primeros niveles de enseñanza, de manera particular en el nivel Inicial II donde reciben clases y terapias niños con Síndrome de Down que están aprendiendo a comunicarse por medio del lenguaje verbal. El proyecto que se presenta consiste en desarrollar una aplicación móvil que facilite el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del lenguaje de los niños con Síndrome de Down del nivel Inicial II de la fundación FASINARM de la ciudad de Guayaquil. La aplicación desarrollada en este proyecto, se presenta como una herramienta para fortalecer las terapias de lenguaje que los niños con Síndrome de Down del nivel mencionado reciben diariamente.We live in a technological age that permeates all areas of our human existence: home, work, transport, health, communication, etc. Technology aims to improve the lives of people - making them safer and more comfortable - something that can happen if and when we make good use of it. Technology has also made significant changes in the field of education, providing, above all, new tools for teaching and learning. In Ecuador there are many foundations concerned with the training of children, youth and adults with special needs, as well as fostering their inclusion in society. One of these foundations is the FASINARM Foundation, an organization with many years of experience in the field of special education. The FASINARM Foundation counts on several technological tools in the education it provides for students; however, the tools available are few. For this reason, the current project aims to provide a tool aimed precisely at the early levels of education (particularly at the initial level II) where children with Down Syndrome receive classes and therapies while learning to communicate through verbal language.The project proposed is to develop a mobile application that facilitates the process of teaching and learning language for children with Down Syndrome at the Initial FASINARM level II in the organization’s founding city of Guayaquil. The application developed in this project is presented as a tool to strengthen and support language therapies that the children with Down Syndrome receive daily

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research