Discovery of Infection Associated Metabolic Markers in Human African Trypanosomiasis

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Metabolic Profiling of Central Nervous System Disease in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection

Acknowledgments. We thank Isabel Garcia-Perez and Maria Lopez-Gonzales, for performing additional mass spectrometry analyses at Imperial College London. Financial support. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council MRC; (to S. D. L.), and Imperial College (MRC doctoral training award G1000390 to S. D. L.), and the Wellcome Trust (grant 082786 to J. M. S. and V. P. A.).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A New Measurement Conception for the ‘Doing-Using-Interacting’ Mode of Innovation

The ‘doing-using-interacting’ (DUI) mode of innovation describes informal innovative activities and it can be juxtaposed with the ‘science-technology-innovation’ (STI) mode based on deliberate research and development. While both modes contribute substantially but differently to technological progress, our empirical understanding of DUI mode innovative activity suffers from the lack of a comprehensive measurement approach. While empirical measurement of the STI mode is well established, empirical indicators for DUI activities are scarce and no consensus has emerged concerning its constituting learning processes. We propose a new measurement conception for innovative activity and based on 81 in-depth interviews with German firms and regional innovation consultants. We derive fifteen categories of DUI mode learning processes and a comprehensive set of 47 indicators comprising both established and new DUI indicators for empirical measurement. This new measurement conception and the respective indicators provide a holistic perspective and their application can be used to increase our understanding of the importance of DUI mode innovative activity, as well as guiding policy-makers

Building a values-based culture in nurse education

Nurse education has found itself challenged to select and educate nurses who on completion of? of their programme? have: excellent technical skills, an ability to critically analyse care and work compassionately in ways that support the values of care that are important to service users. Recent reports of care suggest that nursing still needs to develop the values base of its student selection and education processes. Against this backdrop, this paper presents two examples from pre registration nurse education that illustrate how a values based approach is used as part of the selection process in one university and used to inform the development of a reflective poetry initiative in another university. Having presented the two examples the authors debate some of the wider benefits and challenges linked to these ways of working. For example, the importance of connecting nurses’ personal beliefs, attitudes and assumptions to service user values in recruitment are discussed. The use of poetry as a way of thinking about practice that moves beyond traditional models of reflection in nursing are also considered. However, the authors recognise that if developments in nurse education are to have a real impact on nursing practice and patient care, there is the need for values based initiatives to be more directly connected to the delivery of healthcare

Corporate governance and strategic human resource management:four archetypes and proposals for a new approach to corporate sustainability

In this paper we develop a new typology connecting strategic human resource management (SHRM) to different models of firm-level corporate governance. By asking questions concerning ownership and control issues in the corporate governance literature and drawing on institutional logics, we build a typological framework that identifies four firm-level archetypes of corporate governance systems. Two archetypes represent dominant logic types (shareholder value, communitarian stakeholder), while the other two represent hybrid organizations (enlightened shareholder value, employee-ownership). Using these archetypes, we theorize the implications of different governance structures for SHRM and the challenges they pose. We conclude by discussing a novel solution to many of these challenges based on the corporate sustainability literature, and, in so doing, provide new directions for SHRM research to tackle key challenges facing organizations and the management of people

Whole genome sequences of nematodes of the order Strongylida

The order Strongylida (clade V) represents parasites most closely related to C. elegans, and the group most likely to benefit from the comparative value of its genome sequence. C. elegans has already served as an essential guide for exploring the genomes of other nematode species. However, transcriptomic data from parasitic nematode species, generated by EST approaches, have already served as a boon for C. elegans biology, as they confirm gene predictions and add depth to analyses of structure-function. Here, we propose sequencing the genomes of 20 species, members of the order Strongylida (‘strongylids’). Strongylids, including human hookworms and many intestinal parasites of livestock, are relatively closely related to one another and may have resulted from a recent radiation. To advance and facilitate molecular studies of strongylid parasites, an expressed sequence tag (EST)-based gene discovery program has been carried out, as a part of a broad study of the transcriptomes of members of the phylum Nematoda. More than 60,000 ESTs have been generated for key parasites of human and domestic animals, and for model parasitic species belonging to order Strongylida (comprising 83% of all clade V non-Caenorhabditis ESTs), and deposited in the public databases. Although the transcriptomic data hold promise for the development of novel control strategies for these important pathogens, emerging whole genome data will be pivotal in a more comprehensive approach to identify alternative control strategies, which is increasingly pressing as levels of parasite resistance to available drugs is rising, making some treatment strategies that worked just 5 years ago, ineffective. Also, some drug treatments and environmental nematocideecological contamination