Découverte d’un vestige subfossile de la Tortue géante de La Réunion, Cylindraspis indica (Schneider, 1783) dans les falaises littorales de la commune de Petite-Ile, au Sud de l’île de La Réunion (Chelonii : Testudinidae)

Nous rapportons ici la découverte dans le Sud de La Réunion, plus précisément dans les falaises littorales de la commune de Petite-Ile, d’un vestige osseux subfossile attribué à Cylindraspis indica.We report the discovery in southern of Reunion, specifically in the coastal cliffs of the municipality of Petite-Ile, a subfossil bone of the giant tortoise of la Réunion, a species nowadays extinct

The Extended Overlap Alternate Arm Converter:A Voltage Source Converter with DC Fault Ride-Through Capability and a Compact Design

The Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) was one of the first modular converter topologies to feature DC-side fault ride-through capability with only a small penalty in power efficiency. However, the simple alternation of its arm conduction periods (with an additional short overlap period) resulted in (i) substantial 6-pulse ripples in the DC current waveform, (ii) large DC-side filter requirements, and (iii) limited operating area close to an energy sweet-spot. This paper presents a new mode of operation called Extended Overlap (EO) based on the extension of the overlap period to 60 ◦ which facilitates a fundamental redefinition of the working principles of the AAC. The EO-AAC has its DC current path decoupled from the AC current paths, a fact allowing (i) smooth DC current waveforms, (ii) elimination of DC filters, and (iii) restriction lifting on the feasible operating point. Analysis of this new mode and EO- AAC design criteria are presented and subsequently verified with tests on an experimental prototype. Finally, a comparison with other modular converters demonstrates that the EO-AAC is at least as power efficient as a hybrid MMC (i.e. a DC fault ride-through capable MMC) while offering a smaller converter footprint because of a reduced requirement for energy storage in the submodules and a reduced inductor volume

Spanish activities in the framework of the CHARMEX project since 2009: a summary

The ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) project is a French initiative aiming at developing and coordinating regional research actions for a scientific assessment of the present and future state of the atmospheric environment in the Mediterranean Basin, and of its impacts on the regional climate, air quality, and marine biogeochemistry. The target of ChArMEx is short-lived particulate and gaseous tropospheric trace species. In 2009 the project gained internationalization with the organization of the first international workshop held in Toulouse, France. Spain was the most represented country (after France) with 7 groups and 10 researchers. Up to date, the Spanish groups involved in ChArMEx have conducted research in several fields. Among them it is worth noting: a 3-year (2010 – 2012) in-situ study over a regional background environment in Mallorca plus 3 intensive measurement campaigns in that period; the installation in Mallorca and in the Sierra Nevada of two autonomous total deposition samplers performing weekly dust deposition on a network basis; and intensive in-situ and remote sensing measurements in Barcelona in thesummer 2012 ChArMEx pre-campaign to give support to airborne observations. The paper gives a summary of all the activities led by Spanish researchers in the framework of ChArMEx. Preliminary results of the 3-year in-situ study in Mallorca and of the summer 2012 pre-campaign, as well as a brief description of the summer 2013 main campaign are presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Actividades españolas en el marco del proyecto CHARMEX desde 2009: un resumen

El proyecto ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) es una iniciativa francesa cuyo objetivo es desarrollar y coordinar las acciones de investigación regionales para una evaluación científica de la situación actual y el futuro del medio ambiente atmosférico en la cuenca mediterránea. Los grupos españoles que participan en ChArMEx llevan a cabo investigaciones en varios campos. Entre ellos cabe señalar: un estudio in-situ de 3 años (2010-2012) en un entorno regional de fondo en Mallorca; la instalación en Mallorca y Granada de dos nuevos colectores de deposición autónomos que colectan la deposición de polvo semanalmente; mediciones intensivas in situ y de teledetección en Barcelona en el verano 2012 durante la pre-campaña ChArMEx; y mediciones de teledetección intensivos en Barcelona y Granada en el verano de 2013 durante la campaña ChArMEx / ADRIMED. Este manuscrito da un resumen de todas las actividades conducidas por investigadores españoles hasta ahora en el marco de ChArMEx. Se presentan resultados preliminares del estudio in-situ de 3 años en Mallorca y parte de las campañas de verano de 2012 y 2013.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

TARJETA DE VISITA [Material gráfico]

EUROPACopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Physical properties of Centaur (60558) 174P/Echeclus from stellar occultations

peer reviewedThe Centaur (60558) Echeclus was discovered on 2000 March 03, orbiting between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus. After exhibiting frequent outbursts, it also received a comet designation, 174P. If the ejected material can be a source of debris to form additional structures, studying the surroundings of an active body like Echeclus can provide clues about the formation scenarios of rings, jets, or dusty shells around small bodies. Stellar occultation is a handy technique for this kind of investigation, as it can, from Earth-based observations, detect small structures with low opacity around these objects. Stellar occultation by Echeclus was predicted and observed in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We obtain upper detection limits of rings with widths larger than 0.5 km and optical depth of τ = 0.02. These values are smaller than those of Chariklo's main ring; in other words, a Chariklo-like ring would have been detected. The occultation observed in 2020 provided two positive chords used to derive the triaxial dimensions of Echeclus based on a 3D model and pole orientation available in the literature. We obtained a = 37.0 ± 0.6 km, b = 28.4 ± 0.5 km, and c = 24.9 ± 0.4 km, resulting in an area-equivalent radius of 30.0 ± 0.5 km. Using the projected limb at the occultation epoch and the available absolute magnitude (Hv= 9.971 +- 0.031), we calculate an albedo of pv = 0.050 ± 0.003. Constraints on the object's density and internal friction are also proposed

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Adsorption Behavior of Arabinogalactan-Proteins (AGPs) from Acacia senegal Gum at a Solid–Liquid Interface

International audienceAdsorption of five different hyperbranched arabinogalactan-protein (AGP) fractions from Acacia senegal gum was thoroughly studied at the solid-liquid interface using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The impact of the protein/sugar ratio, molecular weight, and aggregation state on the adsorption capacity was investigated by studying AGP fractions with different structural and biochemical features. Adsorption on a solid surface would be primarily driven by the protein moiety of the AGPs through hydrophobic forces and electrostatic interactions. Increasing ionic strength allows the decrease in electrostatic repulsions and, therefore, the formation of high-coverage films with aggregates on the surface. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was not reached by fractions with a higher protein content but by a fraction that contains an average protein quantity and presents a high content of high-molecular-weight AGPs. The results of this thorough study highlighted that the AGP surface adsorption process would depend not only on the protein moiety and high-molecular-weight AGP content but also on other parameters such as the structural accessibility of proteins, the molecular weight distribution, and the AGP flexibility, allowing structural rearrangements on the surface and spreading to form a viscoelastic fil