Pulse Frequency Fluctuations of Magnetars

Using \emph{RXTE}, \emph{Chandra}, \emph{XMM-Newton} and \emph{Swift} observations, we for the first time construct the power spectra and torque noise strengths of magnetars. For some of the sources, we measure strong red noise on timescales months to years which might be a consequence of their outbursts. We compare noise strengths of magnetars with those of radio pulsars by investigating possible correlations of noise strengths with spin-down rate, magnetic field and age. Using these correlations, we find that magnetar noise strengths are obeying similar trends with radio pulsars. On the contrary, we do not find any correlation between noise strength and X-ray luminosity which was seen in accretion powered pulsars. Our findings suggest that the noise behaviour of magnetars resembles that of radio pulsars but they possess higher noise levels likely due to their stronger magnetic fields.Comment: 18 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

The problem of determining the place of international civil process in the legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the science of private international law under international civil process usually means a series of procedural issues related to the protection of the rights of foreigners and foreign legal entities in court. This issue of access of foreign persons to justice, their position in the process, international jurisdiction, legal assistance the courts and other judicial authorities of each other, the collection of evidence, the establishment of the content of foreign law, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, notarial acts, designed to serve as collateral rights of domestic citizens and legal persons abroad. According to another understanding, international civil procedure - a comprehensive institution of private international law governing the relationship and interaction of national and international procedures defined in the procedural rules for the protection and the establishment of civil rights.peer-reviewe

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C::from pathophysiology to treatment

Cathepsin C (CatC) is a highly conserved tetrameric lysosomal cysteine dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. The best characterized physiological function of CatC is the activation of pro-inflammatory granule-associated serine proteases. These proteases are synthesized as inactive zymogens containing an N-terminal pro-dipeptide, which maintains the zymogen in its inactive conformation and prevents premature activation, which is potentially toxic to the cell. The activation of serine protease zymogens occurs through cleavage of the N-terminal dipeptide by CatC during cell maturation in the bone marrow. In vivo data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of pro-inflammatory serine proteases would suppress or attenuate deleterious effects of inflammatory/auto-immune disorders mediated by these proteases. The pathological deficiency in CatC is associated with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. The patients however do not present marked immunodeficiency despite the absence of active serine proteases in immune defense cells. Hence, the transitory pharmacological blockade of CatC activity in the precursor cells of the bone marrow may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to regulate activity of serine proteases in inflammatory and immunologic conditions. A variety of CatC inhibitors have been developed both by pharmaceutical companies and academic investigators, some of which are currently being employed and evaluated in preclinical/clinical trials

Азаматтық құқықты қолдану тәжірибесінде кінә және себепті байланысты ескеру

Бұл мақалада авторлар азаматтық жауаптылық негіздерінің бірі ретінде кінә және себепті байланысқа тоқталып, оларға анықтама беруге тырысқан. Ұзақ уақыт бойы кінә ұғымы туралы, кінә мен құқыққа қайшылық, себепті байланыс ұғымдарының ара қатынасы туралы ғылыми даулар толастамай келеді, сонымен бірге кейбір авторлар кінәнің белгілері мен құқыққа қайшылық ұғымының белгілерін араластырып қарастырады. Мамандардың көпшілігі кінә ұғымына қатысты мынадай әділетті шешімге келді: кінә – жалпықұқықтық категория болғаны үшін ол барлық құқық салаларында бірдей мәнге ие болуы керек. Бұл сұрақтағы принциптік айырмашылықтар ежелден бастап екі басты тұжырымдамада көрініс тапқан, олардың негізінде зиян келтіру қағидасы мен кінә қағидасы жатыр

Discovery of a glitch in the accretion- powered pulsar SXP 1062

We present timing analysis of the accretion-powered pulsar SXP 1062, based on the observations of Swift, XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites covering a time span of about 2 yr. We obtain a phase coherent timing solution that shows that SXP 1062 has been steadily spinning down with a rate-4.29(7) x10(-14) Hz s(-1) leading to a surface magnetic field estimate of about 1.5 x 10(14) G. We also resolve the binary orbital motion of the system from X-ray data that confirms an orbital period of 656(2) d. On MJD 56834.5, a sudden change in pulse frequency occurs with Delta v = 1.28(5) x 10(-6) Hz, which indicates a glitch event. The fractional size of the glitch is Delta v/v similar to 1.37(6) x 10(-3) and SXP 1062 continues to spin-down with a steady rate after the glitch. A short X-ray outburst 25 d prior to the glitch does not alter the spin-down of the source; therefore, the glitch should be associated with the internal structure of the neutron star. While glitch events are common for isolated pulsars, the glitch of SXP 1062 is the first confirmation of the observability of this type of events among accretion-powered pulsars. Furthermore, the value of the fractional change of pulse frequency ensures that we discover the largest glitch reported up to now