4,729 research outputs found
High-Speed VLSI Architecture Based on Massively Parallel Processor Arrays for Real-Time Remote Sensing Applications
Dynamic Characterization of Crystalline Supramolecular Rotors Assembled through Halogen Bonding
A modular molecular kit for the preparation of crystalline molecular rotors was devised from a set of stators and rotators to gain simple access to a large number of structures with different dynamic performance and physical properties. In this work, we have accomplished this with crystalline molecular rotors self-assembled by halogen bonding of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, acting as a rotator, and a set of five fluorine-substituted iodobenzenes that take the role of the stator. Using variableerature 1H T1 spin-lattice relaxation measurements, we have shown that all structures display ultrafast Brownian rotation with activation energies of 2.4-4.9 kcal/mol and pre-exponential factors of the order of (1-9) Ă 1012 s-1. Line shape analysis of quadrupolar echo 2H NMR measurements in selected examples indicated rotational trajectories consistent with the 3-fold or 6-fold symmetric potential of the rotator
Valproic acid inhibits interferon-Îł production by NK cells and increases susceptibility to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection
First results from a multiplexed and massive instrument with sub-electron noise Skipper-CCDs
We present a new instrument composed of a large number of sub-electron noise
Skipper-CCDs operated with a two stage analog multiplexed readout scheme
suitable for scaling to thousands of channels. New, thick, Mpix sensors,
from a new foundry, are glued into a Multi-Chip Module (MCM) printed circuit
board on a ceramic substrate which has 16 sensors each. The instrument, that
can hold up-to 16 MCMs, a total of 256 Skipper-CCD sensors (called a
Super-Module with grams of active mass and Mpix), is part
of the RD effort of the OSCURA experiment which will have
super-modules. Experimental results with MCMs and Skipper-CCDs
sensors are presented in this paper. This is already the largest ever build
instrument with single electron sensitivity CCDs using nondestructive readout,
both, in terms of active mass and number of channels.Comment: Corrected minor typo
Optimal Sensor Placement with Adaptive Constraints for Nuclear Digital Twins
Given harsh operating conditions and physical constraints in reactors,
nuclear applications cannot afford to equip the physical asset with a large
array of sensors. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully determine the placement
of sensors within the given spatial limitations, enabling the reconstruction of
reactor flow fields and the creation of nuclear digital twins. Various design
considerations are imposed, such as predetermined sensor locations, restricted
areas within the reactor, a fixed number of sensors allocated to a specific
region, or sensors positioned at a designated distance from one another. We
develop a data-driven technique that integrates constraints into an
optimization procedure for sensor placement, aiming to minimize reconstruction
errors. Our approach employs a greedy algorithm that can optimize sensor
locations on a grid, adhering to user-defined constraints. We demonstrate the
near optimality of our algorithm by computing all possible configurations for
selecting a certain number of sensors for a randomly generated state space
system. In this work, the algorithm is demonstrated on the Out-of-Pile Testing
and Instrumentation Transient Water Irradiation System (OPTI-TWIST) prototype
vessel, which is electrically heated to mimic the neutronics effect of the
Transient Reactor Test facility (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The
resulting sensor-based reconstruction of temperature within the OPTI-TWIST
minimizes error, provides probabilistic bounds for noise-induced uncertainty
and will finally be used for communication between the digital twin and
experimental facility
Exploring Protein-Protein Interactions as Drug Targets for Anti-cancer Therapy with In Silico Workflows
We describe a computational protocol to aid the design of small molecule and peptide drugs that target protein-protein interactions, particularly for anti-cancer therapy. To achieve this goal, we explore multiple strategies, including finding binding hot spots, incorporating chemical similarity and bioactivity data, and sampling similar binding sites from homologous protein complexes. We demonstrate how to combine existing interdisciplinary resources with examples of semi-automated workflows. Finally, we discuss several major problems, including the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations, drug promiscuity, and the design of dual-effect inhibitors.Fil: Goncearenco, Alexander. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Li, Minghui. Soochow University; China. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Simonetti, Franco Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires. FundaciĂłn Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Shoemaker, Benjamin A. National Institutes of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Panchenko, Anna R. National Institutes of Health; Estados Unido
Proinflammatory cytokine levels in fibromyalgia patients are independent of body mass index
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic, widespread muscular pain and tenderness and is generally associated with other somatic and psychological symptoms. Further, circulatory levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ÎČ, TNF-α, and IL-6) may be altered in FM patients, possibly in association with their symptoms. Recently, rises in BMI have been suggested to contribute to increased circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines in FM patients. Our aim was to measure the circulatory levels of proinflammatory cytokines to determine the influence of BMI on these levels in FM patients and healthy volunteers (HVs). In Spanish FM patients (n = 64) and HVs (n = 25), we measured BMI and serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines by capture ELISA.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>There were significant differences in BMI levels between FM patients (26.40 ± 4.46) and HVs (23.64 ± 3.45) and significant increase in IL-6 in FM patients (16.28 ± 8.13 vs 0.92 ± 0.32 pg/ml) (P < 0.001). IL-1ÎČ and TNF-α decreased in FM patients compared with HVs. By ANCOVA, there was no significant association between BMI and TNF-α (F = 0.098, p = 0.75) or IL-6 (F = 0.221, p = 0.63) levels in FM patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our analysis in FM patients of BMI as a covariate of proinflammatory cytokines levels showed that serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels are independent of BMI. Further studies are necessary to dissect these findings and their implication in future therapeutic approaches for FM patients.</p
Impact of CD4 and CD8 dynamics and viral rebounds on loss of virological control in HIV controllers.
HIV controllers (HICs) spontaneously maintain HIV viral replication at low level without antiretroviral therapy (ART), a small number of whom will eventually lose this ability to control HIV viremia. The objective was to identify factors associated with loss of virological control.
HICs were identified in COHERE on the basis of â„5 consecutive viral loads (VL) â€500 copies/mL over â„1 year whilst ART-naive, with the last VL â€500 copies/mL measured â„5 years after HIV diagnosis. Loss of virological control was defined as 2 consecutive VL >2000 copies/mL. Duration of HIV control was described using cumulative incidence method, considering loss of virological control, ART initiation and death during virological control as competing outcomes. Factors associated with loss of virological control were identified using Cox models. CD4 and CD8 dynamics were described using mixed-effect linear models.
We identified 1067 HICs; 86 lost virological control, 293 initiated ART, and 13 died during virological control. Six years after confirmation of HIC status, the probability of losing virological control, initiating ART and dying were 13%, 37%, and 2%. Current lower CD4/CD8 ratio and a history of transient viral rebounds were associated with an increased risk of losing virological control. CD4 declined and CD8 increased before loss of virological control, and before viral rebounds.
Expansion of CD8 and decline of CD4 during HIV control may result from repeated low-level viremia. Our findings suggest that in addition to superinfection, other mechanisms, such as low grade viral replication, can lead to loss of virological control in HICs
Search for right-handed W bosons in top quark decay
We present a measurement of the fraction f+ of right-handed W bosons produced
in top quark decays, based on a candidate sample of events in the
lepton+jets decay mode. These data correspond to an integrated luminosity of
230pb^-1, collected by the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron
Collider at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. We use a constrained fit to reconstruct the
kinematics of the and decay products, which allows for the
measurement of the leptonic decay angle for each event. By comparing
the distribution from the data with those for the expected
background and signal for various values of f+, we find
f+=0.00+-0.13(stat)+-0.07(syst). This measurement is consistent with the
standard model prediction of f+=3.6x10^-4.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review D Rapid Communications 7 pages, 3
figure
Measurement of Semileptonic Branching Fractions of B Mesons to Narrow D** States
Using the data accumulated in 2002-2004 with the DO detector in
proton-antiproton collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron collider with
centre-of-mass energy 1.96 TeV, the branching fractions of the decays B ->
\bar{D}_1^0(2420) \mu^+ \nu_\mu X and B -> \bar{D}_2^{*0}(2460) \mu^+ \nu_\mu X
and their ratio have been measured: BR(\bar{b}->B) \cdot BR(B-> \bar{D}_1^0
\mu^+ \nu_\mu X) \cdot BR(\bar{D}_1^0 -> D*- pi+) =
(0.087+-0.007(stat)+-0.014(syst))%; BR(\bar{b}->B)\cdot BR(B->D_2^{*0} \mu^+
\nu_\mu X) \cdot BR(\bar{D}_2^{*0} -> D*- \pi^+) =
(0.035+-0.007(stat)+-0.008(syst))%; and (BR(B -> \bar{D}_2^{*0} \mu^+ \nu_\mu
X)BR(D2*0->D*- pi+)) / (BR(B -> \bar{D}_1^{0} \mu^+ \nu_\mu X)\cdot
BR(\bar{D}_1^{0}->D*- \pi^+)) = 0.39+-0.09(stat)+-0.12(syst), where the charge
conjugated states are always implied.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
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