13 research outputs found

    Singlet oxygen triggers chloroplast rupture and cell death in the zeaxanthin epoxidase defective mutant aba1 of Arabidopsis thaliana under high light stress

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    [EN] The two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, aba1 and max4, were previously identified as sharing a number of coregulated genes with both the flu mutant and Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures exposed to high light (HL). On this basis, we investigated whether aba1 and max4 were generating high amounts of singlet oxygen (1O2) and activating 1O2-mediated cell death. Thylakoids of aba1 produced twice as much 1O2 as thylakoids of max4 and wild type (WT) plants when illuminated with strong red light. 1O2 was measured using the spin probe 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride. 77-K chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra of thylakoids revealed lower aggregation of the light harvesting complex II in aba1. This was rationalized as a loss of connectivity between photosystem II (PSII) units and as the main cause for the high yield of 1O2 generation in aba1. Upregulation of the 1O2 responsive gene AAA-ATPase was only observed with statistical significant in aba1 under HL. Two early jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes, JAZ1 and JAZ5, encoding for two repressor proteins involved in the negative feedback regulation of JA signalling, were not up-regulated to the WT plant levels. Chloroplast aggregation followed by chloroplast rupture and eventual cell death was observed by confocal imaging of the fluorescence emission of leaf cells of transgenic aba1 plants expressing the chimeric fusion protein SSU-GFP. Cell death was not associated with direct 1O2 cytotoxicity in aba1, but rather with a delayed stress response. In contrast, max4 did not show evidence of 1O2-mediated cell death. In conclusion, aba1 may serve as an alternative model to other 1O2-overproducing mutants of Arabidopsis for investigating 1O2-mediated cell death

    Self-management in economic diversity. Cooperatives, clubs and productive workshops in the Marga- Marga province in the Valparaíso region, Chile

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    Este artículo presenta los resultados de la comparación de tres tipos de organizaciones autogestionadas que produce bienes y servicios, y su valor puede o no traducirse en precios y en dinero. Además, describe las interacciones que estas organizaciones tienen con los actores económicos y agentes políticos en la provincia del Marga Marga. A nivel conceptual, se utilizan las categorías de comunidad efectiva y sistema ecológico, para interpretar los datos que fueron construidos entre 2016 y 2017, a través de una metodología de estudio de casos. En este ejercicio se buscó responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué dimensiones de la autogestión son significativas para comprender la trayectoria de una organización que produce bienes y servicios?. Entre los resultados destacó que el mantenimiento de la trayectoria de una organización económica autogestionada adopta dos maneras. Por un lado, las cooperativas y los talleres productivos participan en aglomeraciones de organizaciones productivas y comerciales de pequeña escala. Por otro lado, los clubes y agrupaciones de arte, crecen en sistemas ecológicos homogéneos donde la municipalidad cumple un papel importante.This article presents the results of a comparison between three types of self-managed organizations which produce goods and services, and their value may or may not be translated into prices and money. It also describes the interactions that these organizations have with the economic actors and political agents in the province of Marga Marga. At a conceptual level, the effective community and ecological system categories are used to interpret the data. These were constructed between 2016 and 2017, through a case study methodology. In this exercise we sought to answer the following question: What dimensions of self-management are significant to understand the trajectory of an organization that produces goods and services? Among the results, it stands out that maintaining the trajectory of a selfmanaged economic organization takes two forms. On one hand, cooperatives and productive workshops participate in agglomerations of small-scale productive and commercial organizations. On the other hand, clubs and art groups grow in homogeneous ecological systems where the municipality plays an important rol

    La autogestión en la diversidad económica. Cooperativas, clubes y talleres productivos en la provincia del Marga Marga, región de Valparaíso de Chile

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    Este artículo presenta los resultados de la comparación de tres tipos de organizaciones autogestionadas que produce bienes y servicios, y su valor puede o no traducirse en precios y en dinero. Además, describe las interacciones que estas organizaciones tienen con los actores económicos y agentes políticos en la provincia del Marga Marga. A nivel conceptual, se utilizan las categorías de comunidad efectiva y sistema ecológico, para interpretar los datos que fueron construidos entre 2016 y 2017, a través de una metodología de estudio de casos. En este ejercicio se buscó responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué dimensiones de la autogestión son significativas para comprender la trayectoria de una organización que produce bienes y servicios? Entre los resultados destacó que el mantenimiento de la trayectoria de una organización económica autogestionada adopta dos maneras. Por un lado, las cooperativas y los talleres productivos participan en aglomeraciones de organizaciones productivas y comerciales de pequeña escala. Por otro lado, los clubes y agrupaciones de arte, crecen en sistemas ecológicos homogéneos donde la municipalidad cumple un papel importante

    CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

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    ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

    Focal adhesion disassembly is regulated by a RIAM to MEK-1 pathway

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    Cell migration and invasion require regulated turnover of integrin-dependent adhesion complexes. Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) is an adaptor protein that mediates talin recruitment to the cell membrane, and whose depletion leads to defective melanoma cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of RIAM in focal adhesion (FA) dynamics. RIAM-depleted melanoma and breast carcinoma cells displayed an increased number, size and stability of FAs, which accumulated centrally at the ventral cell surface, a phenotype caused by defective FA disassembly. Impairment in FA disassembly resulting from RIAM knockdown correlated with deficient integrin-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-Erk1/2 activation and, importantly, overexpression of constitutively active MEK resulted in rescue of FA disassembly and recovery of cell invasion. Furthermore, RIAM-promoted Ras homologue gene family, member A (RhoA) activation following integrin engagement was needed for subsequent Erk1/2 activation. In addition, RhoA overexpression partially rescued the FA phenotype in RIAM-depleted cells, also suggesting a functional role for RhoA downstream of RIAM, but upstream of Erk1/2. RIAM knockdown also led to enhanced phosphorylation of paxillin Tyr118 and Tyr31. However, expression of phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable mutants at these paxillin residues indicated that paxillin hyperphosphorylation is a subsequent consequence of the blockade of FA disassembly, but does not cause the FA phenotype. RIAM depletion also weakened the association between FA proteins, suggesting that it has important adaptor roles in the correct assembly of adhesion complexes. Our data suggest that integrin-triggered, RIAM-dependent MEK activation represents a key feedback event required for efficient FA disassembly, which could help explain the role of RIAM in cell migration and invasionThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [grant numbers SAF2008-00479, SAF2011-24022 and RETICS RD06/0020/0011 to J.T.]; the European Union (EU) FP7 MetaFight project [grant number HEALTH-2007-201862 to J.T. and S.S.]; and the EU FP7-Systems Microscopy NoE and the Center for Biosciences (to S.S.); The Swedish Cancer Society; The Swedish Research Council; and the Fundación de Investigación Científica de la Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (to R.A.B.). Imaging was partly supported by grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the Center for BiosciencesPeer Reviewe

    Visualización y ejemplificación a través de las TIC

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    Proyecto de innovación educativa en el que se han generado recursos digitales para su uso en el aula en varias asignaturas de Grado y Doble Grado impartidas en la Facultad de Matemáticas. El objetivo es implementar algunos ejemplos que en clase se hacen ordinaria y analógicamente en un formato digital que ayude a mejorar la visualización y comprensión de los conceptos matemáticos teóricos.Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y TopologíaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasFALSEsubmitte

    Covid-19: consecuencias y desafíos en la economía colombiana. Una mirada desde las universidades

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    Este libro reúne diferentes hallazgos, perspectivas y efectos ante un fenómeno que, más de un año después, todavía representa un reto científico, médico y social para todos. Igualmente, esta obra representa el objetivo de la Red Investigadores de Economía: aunar esfuerzos para encontrar respuestas y para fortalecer la investigación en el país, aumentar la difusión de trabajos de calidad y propiciar el encuentro entre académicos, universidades y el Banco de la República. Las investigaciones expuestas en este libro pasaron por un proceso de selección por parte del comité científico, asegurando que hubiese una pluralidad de miradas y de instituciones educativas, además del Banco, donde se relacionaran los efectos de la pandemia y la actividad económica en el país, las consecuencias sociales y regionales. El texto está dividido en cuatro partes. En la primera se hace un análisis macroeconómico de los efectos de la pandemia; para ello se examinan los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria a nivel nacional y regional mediante modelos macroeconómicos que permiten obtener respuestas ante preguntas muy relevantes. La segunda sección trata sobre el impacto en el mercado laboral, el efecto del Covid-19 en la distribución del ingreso y el efecto de corto plazo en el mercado urbano. La tercera parte aborda los efectos de la pandemia en los agentes económicos y en otros mercados. Ello incluye la exposición del empleo al Covid-19, la vulnerabilidad económica de los hogares en el país y su respuesta en el consumo, patrones de actividad laboral y salud mental, efectos en la educación, inseguridad alimentaria de la población migrante, entre otros. Por último, el cuarto segmento hace un énfasis especial en los efectos diferenciales entre las regiones del país y la heterogeneidad de dicho impacto; para ello se analizan temas de informalidad, vulnerabilidad, fuerza de trabajo disponible, entre otros, en distintas regiones del país
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