Áudio da defesa do Memorial para promoção à Titular de Carreira pela professora Ruth Emília Nogueira (Departamento de Geociências)

Áudio da defesa do Memorial para promoção à Titular de Carreira pela professora Ruth Emília Nogueira (GCN), ocorrida em 08-11-2016, no Auditório do MArquE. Mais informações: http://portalcfh.ufsc.br/titular

Representação de dados e Modelos de Dados Espaço-Temporais em SIG

The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) constitute a technology able to address problems involving the temporal aspect of the data. However, the question of how to represent the spatio-temporal dynamic in GIS was ignored until the late 1980s. Since then, some models of spatio-temporal data that incorporate the temporal dimension in GIS have been proposed. This article aims to address and discuss the issue of modeling of spatio-temporal GIS. Initially, we present issues related to stages of development of GIS with spatio-temporal characteristics and data representation in GIS. Then, to address some of the major models of spatio-temporal GIS developed in the last decades.Pages: 3787-379

Classificação de imagens multiespectrais LANDSAT TM e feições de textura: mapeamento da cobertura da terra

Este trabalho mostra os resultados iniciais de uma pesquisa sobre classificação de imagens multiespectrais considerando feições de textura, aplicada ao mapeamento da cobertura da terra, com ênfase na separação das classes de cobertura vegetal. Para tanto foi efetuado um levantamento bibliográfico e estudo sobre o assunto, que está resumido na parte inicial. Na seqüência relata-se a parte prática, onde foi feita a classificação multiespectral da imagem LANDSAT-5 TM da Ilha de São Francisco do Sul-SC, utilizando o algoritmo de classificação Máxima verossimilhança. Para testar as potencialidades das feições de textura foram efetuadas quatro classificações distintas para obter as mesmas informações agrupadas em dez classes. Na primeira etapa foi efetuada somente a classificação multiespectral, nas outras foram consideradas feições de textura e classificação espectral. Classification of LANDSAT TMs multiespectral images and texture features: land cover mapping Abstract This paper shows the initial results of a research regarding multiespectral image classification using texture analysis for land cover maping. A bibliographic review was conducted wich is disposed in the first part of this work. Following this, a classification of the LANDSAT TM image of São Francisco island, SC, was performed using the Maximum Likelihood Method. To test the texture analysis potentialities, four distinct classifications were performed to obtain the same informations grouped into ten classes. In the first one only a multiespectral classification was performed, and in the other three the texture analysis was considered

A importância do livro didático no ensino da cartografia escolar em geografia para crianças com deficiência visual

O presente artigo é resultado de uma investigação sobre o ensino de cartografia em escolas de Portugal. Com o objetivo de compreender como estava o ensino de cartografia nos anos iniciais para as crianças com deficiência visual e normovisuais, por meio da análise dos livros didáticos utilizados pelos professores. Foram selecionados oito livros didáticos de Geografia dos anos iniciais, escolhidos critérios sobre como o conteúdo cartográfico é apresentado e analisados os conceitos de: orientação, lateralidade, proporção, projeção, escala e tipos de mapas. Os livros didáticos de Geografia observados concentram imagens das casas e do cotidiano dos estudantes. É por meio da utilização do livro como recurso que se apresentam os múltiplos aspectos dos conceitos relacionados com a cartografia, constituindo-se também como uma produção cultural em que as crianças constatam com diferentes linguagens. É preciso ainda destacar a importância dos métodos de ensino para a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento social e cultural das crianças com necessidades educativas especiais, ressaltando o papel da cartografia escolar no ensino de Geografia como fator determinante para apreender e compreender o espaço geográfico e suas representações para o desenvolvimento da competência de leitura do mundo, que está relacionada com as vidas das crianças e os espaços por elas construídos.This paper is a result of a research regarding how the teaching of cartography in the Portuguese schools is, with the objective to understand how was teaching of cartography occurs in the initial years of schooling for children with visual disability, the textbooks used by teachers were analysed. Eight textbooks of geography were selected from the initial years of schooling. Criteria on the way the cartographic content is presented were chosen and the concepts of orientation, laterality, proportion, projection, scale and types of maps were analysed. The textbooks of Geography analysed, concentrate images of the houses and daily life of students. It is the use of the textbook as a resource, that the multiple aspects of the concepts related to cartography are presented to students, also constituting themselves as a cultural production in which the children contact with different languages. The importance of the teaching methods for the learning and social and cultural development of children with special educational needs and do not emphasize the role of the school cartography in the Geography teaching as a determining factor to understand the geographic space and its representations for the development of the world reading competence, which is related to the children's lives and spaces constructed by them.Apoio financeiro do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho; UI 317 da FCT, Portugal) através do Projeto Estratégico UID/CED/00317/2013, financiado através dos Fundos Nacionais da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), cofinanciado pelo Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) através do COMPETE 2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) com a referência POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação de modelos digitais de terreno derivados dos dados de varredura a laser em área de floresta alterada da Amazônia

In forests, ground points 3D coordinates have been obtained by sensors such as the ones from radar, the photogrammetric ones or by topography equipment. In this research, coordinates of points of the modified forest of the District of Iranduba (AM) obtained by sensor laser ALTM 2025 were used aiming primarily at evaluating the positional quality of Digital Terrain Models (DTM). The area presents different types of vegetation and relief, where training areas were defined. The data were obtained by through the filtering of vegetation points in the TerraScan TM . The surfaces derived from laser scanner data were compared to the surface of reference obtained with topography points. The evaluations considered the relief and the vegetation of the training areas and showed that Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) derived from laser scanner data present precision (average standard error) between 0,50m and 1,0m in areas with 20% maximum inclination, vegetation with features of between very low and high density and trees up to 20m high. The largest average standard error was 1.5 m, obtained in areas with 47% maximum inclination, vegetation at an advanced stage of regeneration, with trees over 30m tall. The survey results, though varying with the type of sensor and flight parameters, provide an orientation about the precision for Digital Terrain Models derived from laser scanner data considering the characteristics of modified forest in the Amazon, on the basis that recommends its use to make environmental management projects in this region.Pages: 5546-555

Aplicação da técnica Pesos de Evidência (Weights of Evidence - WofE) para o mapeamento de áreas suscetíveis a deslizamentos na região do baixo vale do Itajaí - SC

The Bayesian probability model, using the weight-of-evidence method, was applied to the task of evaluating landslide susceptibility using GIS data (Arc Spatial Data Modeller). The location chosen for the study was the Itajaí Valley, SC in Brazil, which suffered substantial landslide damage following heavy rain in 2008. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from the interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images, and a spatial database was extracted from ASTER GDEM (Global Digital Elevation Model), geological map and LANDSAT imagery. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope, aspect, curvature plan and profile, direction flow, topographic wetness index and stream power index of topography, were calculated from ASTER imagery. Lithology and NDVI were extracted from a geological database (CPRM) and LANDSAT imagery. The spatial association between the factors and the landslides was calculated as the contrast values, W+ and W- using the weights-of-evidence model. Tests of conditional independence were performed for the selection of the factors, allowing the large number of combinations of factors to be analyzed. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for all landslide susceptibility models were calculated. Landslide locations were used to validate results of the landslide susceptibility map generated using the weight-of-evidence approach and the verification results showed a 74,56% accuracy. Conditional independency and performance tests indicate that the landslide susceptibility map yielded for the study area shows a suitable level of accuracy.Pages: 6010-601

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved