Vedelbiopsia meetodid onkoloogias

Liquid biopsy serves as a tool to analyse cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs) and circulating tu-mour cells (CTCs) in blood or other body fluids in individuals with cancer. These are con-sidered promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but new discoveries are still being made in regard to their heterogeneity, therefore it is critical to continue researching to demonstrate a clinical advantage in precision oncology. For now they promise to reveal mo-lecular characterisation of tumours which can change the prognosis, monitoring and post-therapy of cancer care. This is challenging because the technologies and methodologies are still not mature enough for capturing and isolating viable cells. Higher affinity and sensitive techniques including a combination of these may result in an efficient characterisation of CTCs and cfNAs. From pre-treatment of blood samples to post-analysis of isolated markers it is required to standardize and regulate methods in order to prove clinical utility, as of now this remains in the experimental phase. Microfluidic systems have become an influential tool in cancer studies for their capability to analyse single cells or molecules and its integration with other techniques, miniaturization and fast analysis which will help overcome challenges these biomarkers face to eventually replace traditional biopsy with liquid biopsy. In estonian: Bakalaureusetöö on kirjutatud inglise keeles, kirjanduse põhjal ning on klassikalise ülesehi-tusega koosnedes sissejuhatusest, kirjanduse ülevaatest, töö eesmärkidest, diskussioonist ja kokkuvõttest. Töö on esitatud 40-l leheküljel, sisaldades ka ühe joonise ja neli tabelit. Töö koostamisel on kasutatud 48 kirjanduse allikat. Töö põhisisuks on ülevaate andmine erinevatest vedelbiopsia meetoditest, mille abil saab vähi patsientidel analüüsida veres või muudes kehavedelikes ringlevaid rakuvabasid nuk-leiinhappeid (cfNAd) ja ringlevaid vähirakke (CTCd). Neid peetakse paljutõotavateks diag-nostilisteks ja prognostilisteks biomarkeriteks, mis võimaldavad senisest paremini ning mitte-invasiivselt iseloomustada kasvajaid molekulaarsel tasemel. See on väga oluline vähi patsientide personaalses ravis, võimaldades kasvajate tekke ja arengu paremat jälgimist ning ravi. Töös on kirjeldatud cfNA-de ja CTC-de olemust, päritolu, eraldamist ning analüüsiks kasutatavaid tehnoloogiaid. Samuti on võrreldud vedelbiopsia kasutatavust ja perspektiive tänapäeval traditsiooniliselt rakendatava klassikalise biopsia meetoditega. Arutelu osas on antud ülevaade meetodite hetkeseisust ja võimalikest arengutest tulevikus

Evidenciando habilidades de pensamiento crítico a través de una unidad didáctica en el concepto de materia bajo el modelo de investigación dirigida

RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evidenciar habilidades de pensamiento crítico, tales como: la Interpretación, el análisis, la evaluación, la inferencia, la explicación y la autorregulación; a través de cada una de las etapas de una unidad didáctica basada en el ciclo de aprendizaje de Jorba y Sanmartí, diseñada bajo el modelo de investigación dirigida con enfoque CTSA, implementando una guía didáctica con un grupo de estudiantes de quinto de primaria de la Institución Educativa El Salado del municipio de Envigado, sobre el concepto de materia. Finalmente, se hace seguimiento de dichas habilidades mediante las respuestas de los estudiantes a las rúbricas aplicadas en diferentes momentos de la Unidad Didáctica, como herramienta autorreguladora intrínseca al proceso evaluativo.ABSTRACT: This work aims to demonstrate critical thinking skills, such as Interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation; through each of the stages of a didactic unit based on the Jorba and Sanmartí learning cycle, designed under the research model directed with the CTSA approach, implementing a didactic guide with a group of fifth grade students of the Educational Institution El Salado of Envigado township, on the concept of matter. Finally, these skills are monitored through the students' responses to the rubrics applied at different times in the Teaching Unit, as an essential self-regulating tool in the evaluation process

Desarrollo de un sistema de información web para la dirección general de transporte acuático DGTA

El estudio presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de información gerencial, que registre y controle las operaciones de la dirección general de transporte acuático (DGTA), que interactúe con otro sistema y disponga de información inmediata, técnica y económica, para toma de decisiones

Electrochemical affinity biosensors for fast detection of gene-specific methylations with no need for bisulfite and amplification treatments

This paper describes two different electrochemical affinity biosensing approaches for the simple, fast and bisulfite and PCR-free quantification of 5-methylated cytosines (5-mC) in DNA using the anti-5-mC antibody as biorecognition element. One of the biosensing approaches used the anti-5-mC as capture bioreceptor and a sandwich type immunoassay, while the other one involved the use of a specific DNA probe and the anti-5-mC as a detector bioreceptor of the captured methylated DNA. Both strategies, named for simplicity in the text as immunosensor and DNA sensor, respectively, were implemented on the surface of magnetic microparticles and the transduction was accomplished by amperometry at screen-printed carbon electrodes by means of the hydrogen peroxide/hydroquinone system. The resulting amperometric biosensors demonstrated reproducibility throughout the entire protocol, sensitive determination with no need for using amplification strategies, and competitiveness with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodology and the few electrochemical biosensors reported so far in terms of simplicity, sensitivity and assay time. The DNA sensor exhibited higher sensitivity and allowed the detection of the gene-specific methylations conversely to the immunosensor, which detected global DNA methylation. In addition, the DNA sensor demonstrated successful applicability for 1 h-analysis of specific methylation in two relevant tumor suppressor genes in spiked biological fluids and in genomic DNA extracted from human glioblastoma cells.The financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2015-64402-C2-1-R and SAF2014-53209-R Research Projects, the PI17CIII/00045 research project from AESI and the NANOAVANSENS Program from the Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MT-3029) and predoctoral contracts from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (R.M. Torrente-Rodríguez and E. Povedano) and Universidad Complutense de Madrid (V. Ruiz-Valdepeñas Montiel) are also gratefully acknowledged.S

The implementation of SDG12 in and from higher education institutions: universities as laboratories for generating sustainable cities

IntroductionIt is known that the world is facing and will face significant sustainability challenges. Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12), responsible consumption and production, is one of the most relevant SDGs for building Sustainable Cities. This study is based on the analysis of the implementation of SDG12 in cities, starting from universities as laboratories or first examples of sustainability.MethodsThe study was carried out through a multilevel scale approach. A systematic review of the literature (global scale) of the last 5 years (2018–2022) was conducted. An analysis of the program and the initiatives of a Higher Education Institution (Tecnologico de Monterrey) is presented (local scale). Finally, a survey was applied to Faculty at this University (micro-scale).ResultsThe systematic review indicated that the main themes or aspects addressed in SDG12 by higher education institutions were sustainable food, supply chains, community, infrastructure, technology, policies, energy consumption, the collaborative economy, smart cities, and curricula. The local scale analysis highlighted the Distrito Tec project, 37 institutional initiatives, and 26 courses directly related to SDG12. The survey showed that 8% of Faculty considered SDG12 the most important of the SDGs and stated that this goal is necessary to reduce environmental impacts. As the most significant impact that Universities can have on SDG12, 52% of the Faculty consider that Universities should become living labs in the transition toward sustainable cities, followed by 36% who think it would be better to implement operational facilities.DiscussionThe diverse contributions of the HEIs at the three scales were classified into six categories: culture, mitigation, adaptation, education, research, and outreach. The study indicates that SDG 12 has been achieved by universities in different ways, which overlaps widely with the performance of other SDGs. Results demonstrate that following a multistakeholder approach, international collaborations between HEIs can foster technology-driven multi-disciplinary research projects to consolidate sustainable cities. Building capacity to accelerate the transition of universities into urban living labs will promote climate action among the students who enroll every year

Conservation of the Tropical Rainforest in the Usumacinta Canyon Flora and Fauna Protection Area in Mexico

Objective: The conservation status of the tropical rainforest in the Flora and Fauna Protection Area “Cañón del Usumacinta” was studied, through an analysis of the change in land use and vegetation (1997, 2009 and 2016). Design / methodology / approach: Vegetation and land use shapefiles at 1: 250,000 scale (national continuum) corresponding to 1997 (series I), 2009 (series IV) and 2016 (series VI) were downloaded. Finally, a spatial analysis was generated with calculation of exchange rates, using Land Change Modeler between 1997-2009 and 2009-2016. Results: During 1997-2009, the tropical rainforest occupied 31.2%, being the greatest impact of the period with a change rate of 7.4%. Subsequently, between 2009-2016 there was a great decrease in the rate of change of land use in the jungle (0.8%), due to the decree as a federal Protected Natural Area in 2008, the natural regeneration and the promotion of programs for the Ecological restoration. Study limitations / implications: Absence of geographic variables to analyze variables driving change in land use. Conclusions: It is essential to promote the sustainable management of the Usumacinta canyon based on what is established in the land use planning program, the management plan, and redouble efforts to implement actions to restore ecosystem services and the continuous monitoring of change land useObjective: To study the conservation status of the tropical rainforest in the “Cañón del Usumacinta” Flora and Fauna Protection Area in Mexico, through an analysis of the change in land use and vegetation (1997, 2009 and 2016). Design/Methodology/Approach: Vegetation and land use shapefiles at 1:250,000 scale (national continuum) corresponding to 1997 (series I), 2009 (series IV), and 2016 (series VI) were downloaded. Finally, a spatial analysis was generated with calculation of exchange rates, using the Land Change Modeler between 1997-2009 and 2009-2016. Results: During 1997-2009, the tropical rainforest occupied 31.2% and the greatest impact of the period seen was a change rate of 7.4%. Subsequently, between 2009 and 2016 there was a great decrease in the land use change rate in the forest (0.8%), due to its decree as a federal Protected Area in 2008, as well as natural regeneration and the promotion of ecological restoration programs. Study Limitations/Implications: Absence of geographic variables to analyze factors driving change in land use. Conclusions: It is essential to promote the sustainable management of the Usumacinta Canyon based on what is established in the land use planning program and the management plan, and to redouble efforts to implement actions for restoring ecosystem services and the continuous monitoring of change in land use

La imagen como pensamiento

Este libro es resultado del 1er Foro Internacional de Estudios Visuales ‘La imagen como pensamiento’ que se llevó a cabo del 13 al 16 de octubre del año 2014 en la Facultad de Artes de la UAEMéx.RECURSOS DEL PIFI 2013. ADMINISTRACIÓN 2013-2017 DE LA FACULTAD DE ARTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTONÓMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXIC

Cisplatin resistance involves a metabolic reprogramming through ROS and PGC-1α in NSCLC which can be overcome by OXPHOS inhibition

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most lung cancer cases. However chemoresistance is often developed during the treatment, limiting clinical utility of this drug. Recently, the ability of tumor cells to adapt their metabolism has been associated to resistance to therapies. In this study, we first described the metabolic reprogramming of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in response to cisplatin treatment. Methods: Cisplatin-resistant versions of the A549, H1299, and H460 cell lines were generated by continuous drug exposure. The long-term metabolic changes, as well as, the early response to cisplatin treatment were analyzed in both, parental and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. In addition, four Patient-derived xenograft models treated with cisplatin along with paired pre- and post-treatment biopsies from patients were studied. Furthermore, metabolic targeting of these changes in cell lines was performed downregulating PGC-1α expression through siRNA or using OXPHOS inhibitors (metformin and rotenone). Results: Two out of three cisplatin-resistant cell lines showed a stable increase in mitochondrial function, PGC1-α and mitochondrial mass with reduced glycolisis, that did not affect the cell cycle. This phenomenon was confirmed in vivo. Post-treatment NSCLC tumors showed an increase in mitochondrial mass, PGC-1α and a decrease in the GAPDH/MT-CO1 ratio. In addition, we demonstrated how a ROS-mediated metabolism reprogramming, involving PGC-1α and increased mitochondrial mass, is induced during short-time cisplatin exposure. Moreover, we tested how cells with increased PGC-1a induced by ZLN005 treatment, showed reduced cisplatin-driven apoptosis. Remarkably, the long-term metabolic changes, as well as the metabolic reprogramming during short-time cisplatin exposure can be exploited as an Achilles’ heel of NSCLC cells, as demonstrated by the increased sensitivity to PGC-1α interference or OXPHOS inhibition using metformin or rotenone. Conclusion: These results describe a new cisplatin resistance mechanism in NSCLC based on a metabolic reprogramming that is therapeutically exploitable through PGC-1α downregulation or OXPHOS inhibitors.Work in the authors’ laboratories is supported by ‘‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’’ PI13/01806 and PIE14/0064 to M.P. A.C-B, received a Spanish Lung Cancer Group fellowship. R.L-B, is supported by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid “Garantía juvenil” contrac

Identification of candidate genes associated with fibromyalgia susceptibility in southern Spanish women: the al‑Ándalus project

Candidate-gene studies on fibromyalgia susceptibility often include a small number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which is a limitation. Moreover, there is a paucity of evidence in Europe. Therefore, we compared genotype frequencies of candidate SNPs in a well-characterised sample of Spanish women with fibromyalgia and healthy non-fibromyalgia women.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [I+D+i DEP2010-15639, I+D+i DEP2013-40908-R to M.D.-F.; BES-2014-067612 to F.E.-L.]; the Spanish Ministry of Education [FPU2014/02518 to M.B.-C.]; the Consejería de Turismo, Comercio y Deporte, Junta de Andalucía [CTCD-201000019242-TRA to M.D.-F.]; Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía [PI-0520-2016 to M.D.-F.], and the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES). This work is part of a Ph.D. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spai

Primeros registros de Cercosaura parkeri (Ruibal, 1952) (Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae) en la ecorregión Chaco Seco de Argentina

En este trabajo se da a conocer la presencia de C. parkeri para las provincias de Chaco, Formosa y Santa Fe, y confirmamos su presencia para Santiago del Estero con material de referencia. Las nuevas localidades amplían el rango de distribución de la especie hacia el Este, en un radio aproximado de 450 km. Además, se destaca la presencia de la especie en ambientes de Argentina con otra morfología geográfica y ecológica, diferente al de Yungas.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin