Marco ético de la fotografía de prensa : Manipulación de imágenes en la cultura digital

La cultura digital vive hoy en día un auge significativo, consecuencia de esto la imagen y especialmente la fotografía son presa fácil de estas tecnologías. Con todas las herramientas con las que un fotoperiodista y diseñador dispone resulta fácil sumarse a la ola de retoques y manipulaciones que en muchos de los casos ponen a prueba la veracidad de la noticia y por lo tanto, de la ética periodística. El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar los retos a los que está sometido el fotoperiodista con las imágenes que genera en su actividad diaria. Se han tomado como ejemplo algunas imágenes que de una u otra forma han generado reacción entre los consumidores de medios y que, sin ser las únicas, son casos destacados de deformaciones mediáticas.Instituto de Investigaciones en Comunicación (IICOM

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA CAMPAÑA DE TRASHUMANCIA DE 2021 EN SANTIAGO-PONTONES (JAÉN)

Transhumance is a livestock practice that consists of moving livestock from higher altitude pastures to valleys and vice versa depending on the time of year and being a way of life that allows sustainable use of resources and the generation of both quality livestock products and ecosystem services. In the municipality of Santiago-Pontones, located in the Sierra de Segura, there is a population of herders who still practice transhumance on foot along livestock routes towards Sierra Morena. The objective of this study is to characterize this transhumance, including the characterization of herds, geographical location, start dates, types of movement, and the gender of farm owners. We processed data related to 120 ruminant farms obtained from two different databases, from the Sierra de Segura Regional Agrarian Office (Jaén) and the Ministry of Agriculture, respectively. Both databases were merged with RStudio thanks to the REGA codes and were statistically processed with the Analysis and EpiMap (Epi Info7) programs. Among the 56.300 heads comprising the study's farms, the 62% engaged in transhumance. This underscores the significant relevance of transhumant activity in the Municipality of Santiago Pontones, despite the decline of transhumance in the rest of Spain. Notably, mixed sheep and goat farms were dominant (55%). Analyses revealed significative differences in the means of farm size depending on the management regime (570 sheep in transhumant herds versus 358 sheep in stationary herds), but not between transhumant herds that moved on foot or by truck, nor depending on the gender of the farm owner (18% were registered under female ownership). Transhumant herds from the Sierra de Segura Region moved to a total of 74 municipalities for wintering in the fall of 2021, spanning three different provinces (Jaén, Córdoba y Ciudad Real), with Jaén having the highest number of destination municipalities for transhumant herds (70). Departure dates varied depending on the chosen type of movement for transhumance; those who moved by truck departed later (around December 10th), while those who moved on foot left around November 25th.La trashumancia es una práctica ganadera que consiste en mover al ganado de los pastos de mayor altitud a los valles y viceversa en función de la época del año, y una forma de vida que permite un aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos y la generación tanto de productos de calidad como de servicios ecosistémicos. En el municipio jienense de Santiago-Pontones, en la Sierra de Segura, existe una población de ganaderos que aún trashuman a pie a través de vías pecuarias hacia Sierra Morena. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar esta trashumancia, cuantificando sus censos, ubicación geográfica, fechas de inicio, tipos de desplazamiento y género de los titulares de las explotaciones. Se han procesado datos de 120 explotaciones de rumiantes obtenidos de dos bases de datos provenientes de la Oficina Comarcal Agraria Sierra de Segura (Jaén) y del Ministerio de Agricultura, respectivamente. Ambas bases de datos se fusionaron con RStudio merced a los códigos REGA y se procesaron estadísticamente con los programas Analysis y EpiMap (Epi Info7). De las 56.300 cabezas que comprenden las 120 explotaciones del estudio, el 62% practicó la trashumancia, lo que viene a constatar la gran relevancia de la actividad trashumante en el Municipio de Santiago Pontones, a pesar de que la trashumancia se encuentra en declive en el resto de España. Entre ellas, las explotaciones dominantes (55%) fueron las mixtas de ovino y caprino. Los análisis estadísticos detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el tamaño medio de las explotaciones dependiendo del régimen de explotación (570 ovejas en los rebaños trashumantes versus 358 ovejas en los rebaños estantes), pero no entre los trashumantes que se desplazaron a pie o en camión ni dependiendo del género del titular de la explotación (el 18% estaban a nombre de mujeres). Los rebaños trashumantes de la Comarca Sierra de Segura se desplazaron a un total de 74 municipios para invernar en el otoño de 2021, pertenecientes a tres provincias (Jaén, Córdoba y Ciudad Real), siendo Jaén la de mayor cantidad de municipios de destino para los trashumantes (n=70). En cuanto a las fechas de salida, la mediana varió en función del tipo de desplazamiento escogido a la hora de realizar la trashumancia, saliendo más tarde quienes se desplazaron en camión (en torno al 10 de diciembre), mientras que quienes se desplazaron a pie salieron alrededor del 25 de noviembre

Selective targeting of collagen IV in the cancer cell microenvironment reduces tumor burden

Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP) is an exportable1 Ser/Thr kinase that induces collagen IV expansion and has been associated with chemoresistance following epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we demonstrate that cancer EMT phenotypes secrete GPBP (mesenchymal GPBP) which displays a predominant multimeric oligomerization and directs the formation of previously unrecognized mesh collagen IV networks (mesenchymal collagen IV). Yeast twohybrid (YTH) system was used to identify a 260SHCIE264 motif critical for multimeric GPBP assembly which then facilitated design of a series of potential peptidomimetics. The compound 3-[4''-methoxy-3,2'-dimethyl-(1,1';4',1'')terphenyl-2''-yl]propionic acid, or T12, specifically targets mesenchymal GPBP and disturbs its multimerization without affecting kinase catalytic site. Importantly, T12 reduces growth and metastases of tumors populated by EMT phenotypes. Moreover, low-dose doxorubicin sensitizes epithelial cancer precursor cells to T12, thereby further reducing tumor load. Given that T12 targets the pathogenic mesenchymal GPBP, it does not bind significantly to normal tissues and therapeutic dosing was not associated with toxicity. T12 is a first-in-class drug candidate to treat cancer by selectively targeting the collagen IV of the tumor cell microenvironment.This work was supported by grants: PET 2006_0721, TRA2009_0026, IPT-010000-2010-45, IPT-2011-1527- 010000, RTC-2014-2415-1, PCB-010000-2010-031, PCB- 010000-2010-032, EQU-2014-1-0301 of the Plan Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación of the Spanish Government and IMGESA/06/78, IMGESA/06/79 of Conselleria d’Empresa, Universitat i Ciencia of Generalitat Valenciana to Fibrostatin, S.L. and J.S.; SAF 2001/0453, SAF 2003-09772-C03-01, SAF 2006-12520-C02-01, SAF 2009-10703 of the Plan Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación of the Spanish Government and PROMETEO/2009/065, PROMETEOII/2014/048 of Conselleria de Educaciò of Generalitat Valenciana to J.S. Additional funding came from ERESA, BioStratum Inc. and NephroGenex Inc. R&D programs, and personal funding from Vicente Saus and Carmen Cano to J.S.. Torres Quevedo program of the Spanish Government granted F.R., F-R-R., R.B., E.L-P and A.P-S.Medicin

Effectiveness of a cardiac rehabilitation program on biomechanical, imaging, and physiological biomarkers in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): FUNNEL + study protocol

Background: Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have a low functional status, which in turn is a risk factor for hospital admission and an important predictor of survival in HFpEF. HFpFE is a heterogeneous syndrome and recent studies have suggested an important role for careful, pathophysiological-based phenotyping to improve patient characterization. Cardiac rehabilitation has proven to be a useful tool in the framework of secondary prevention in patients with HFpEF. Facilitating decision-making and implementing cardiac rehabilitation programs is a challenge in public health systems for HFpEF management. The FUNNEL + study proposes to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise and education-based cardiac rehabilitation program on biomechanical, physiological, and imaging biomarkers in patients with HFpEF. Methods: A randomised crossover clinical trial is presented among people older than 70 years with a diagnosis of HFpEF. The experimental group will receive a cardiac rehabilitation intervention for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group will receive one educational session per week for 12 weeks on HFpEF complications, functional decline, and healthy lifestyle habits. VO2peak is the primary outcome. Biomechanical, imaging and physiological biomarkers will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Discussion: Identifying objective functional parameters indicative of HFpEF and the subsequent development of functional level stratification based on functional impairment ("biomechanical phenotypes") may help clinicians identify cardiac rehabilitation responders and non-responders and make future clinical decisions. In this way, future pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise, could be improved and tailored to improve quality of life and prognosis and reducing patients' hospital readmissions, thereby reducing healthcare costs. Trial registration: NCT05393362 (Clinicaltrials.gov).Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have a low functional status, which in turn is a risk factor for hospital admission and an important predictor of survival in HFpEF. HFpFE is a heterogeneous syndrome and recent studies have suggested an important role for careful, pathophysiological-based phenotyping to improve patient characterization. Cardiac rehabilitation has proven to be a useful tool in the framework of secondary prevention in patients with HFpEF. Facilitating decision-making and implementing cardiac rehabilitation programs is a challenge in public health systems for HFpEF management. The FUNNEL + study proposes to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise and education-based cardiac rehabilitation program on biomechanical, physiological, and imaging biomarkers in patients with HFpEF.Funding for this work was provided by a competitive grant by the Spanish Government, Health Research Grant, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (FIS; exp. (PI22/00315), cofunded by European Union, title “Efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca en biomarcadores cinemáticos, estructurales y fisiológicos en pacientes de edad avanzada con insuficiencia cardíaca. FUNNEL +. The ISCIII is not involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or report writing

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Actualidad y prospectiva de la investigación científica en el Centro Universitario Amecameca de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Con responsabilidad, se organizó un programa cuya finalidad fuera publicitar con transparencia dichos avances, a través de un esfuerzo de rendición de cuentas a la comunidad inmediata, la universitaria, y a la comunidad abierta, la sociedad que la principal referencia para tal efecto. El programa se concretiza a través del presente libro, conformado con una inspiración de investigación multidisciplinaria; sin embargo, para llegar a tal fin, el reto es realizar el proceso de búsqueda y generación de conocimiento transitando hacia la colaboración de los cuerpos académicos, que puedan construir nuevos conocimientos fortalecidos por la convergencia de diferentes campos del saber. En consecuencia, la primera etapa de esta estrategia es la publicidad de los trabajos investigativos ejercidos, para hacer un balance al día, pero también proyectar el futuro de cada campo y área del conocimiento. La organización explicativa está organizada por tres bloques representativos del quehacer en la generación de conocimiento del Centro Universitario, un primer bloque centra el interés en las humanidades, educación y sustentabilidad; el segundo bloque lo integra la reflexión científica sobre la construcción democrática, derechos humanos y equidad de género; en el tercer segmento se destina a la seguridad alimentaria, salud pública y sistemas agropecuarios. La actualidad de la investigación eleva la producción lograda y lo que en el momento se encuentra en construcción y los alcances que produce para la docencia, la investigación misma, y para la sociedad en general. La prospectiva es un área que todos los capítulos desarrollan con el propósito de delinear los alcances innovadores por andar en teoría, metodología e incluso en los saberes mismo

Metacognição: um fenômeno estratégico para o ensino e a aprendizagem

La discusión sobre la metacognición, un fenómeno cognitivo de reciente caracterización, indispensable en los procesos educativos y la resolución de diferentes problemáticas, se ubica, particularmente, en dos campos disciplinares: la psicología evolutiva y el procesamiento de información; de allí se desprenden perspectivas teóricas que enfatizan en fenómenos como: la teoría de la mente, la evolución de la inteligencia, la sensación del saber, la comprensión, el conocimiento y la regulación. Como conclusiones, para el docente, destacamos la importancia de hacer conscientes las formas de procesamiento mental que realizan los estudiantes como posibilidad de adecuar las estrategias de enseñanza, un requerimiento clave para garantizar que el aprendizaje y el desarrollo sucedan y que el estudiante pueda configurar un rol más efectivo.The discussion about metacognition, a recently characterized cognitive phenomenon, indispensable in education processes and problem-solving, falls within two particular fields of knowledge, i.e., evolutionary psychology and information processing. From these fields come the theoretical perspectives that emphasize phenomena such as the theory of the mind, the evolution of intelligence, the sense of knowledge, understanding, knowledge, and regulation. As conclusions, for the teacher, we emphasize the importance of raising awareness about students' mental processing manners as a possibility to adapt teaching strategies, an essential requirement to ensure that learning and development occur and that the student engages more effectively.A discussão sobre metacognição, fenômeno cognitivo de caracterização recente, indispensável nos processos educativos e na resolução de diferentes problemas, se situa, particularmente, em dois campos disciplinares: a psicologia do desenvolvimento e o processamento da informação; a partir daí, perspectivas teóricas que enfatizam fenômenos como: teoria da mente, a evolução da inteligência, a sensação de saber, compreensão, conhecimento e regulação. Como conclusões, para o professor, destacamos a importância de estar ciente das formas de processamento mental que os alunos realizam como uma possibilidade de adaptação das estratégias de ensino, um requisito fundamental para garantir que o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento ocorram e que o aluno possa configurar um papel mais eficaz

Marco ético de la fotografía de prensa : Manipulación de imágenes en la cultura digital

La cultura digital vive hoy en día un auge significativo, consecuencia de esto la imagen y especialmente la fotografía son presa fácil de estas tecnologías. Con todas las herramientas con las que un fotoperiodista y diseñador dispone resulta fácil sumarse a la ola de retoques y manipulaciones que en muchos de los casos ponen a prueba la veracidad de la noticia y por lo tanto, de la ética periodística. El objetivo de este ensayo es analizar los retos a los que está sometido el fotoperiodista con las imágenes que genera en su actividad diaria. Se han tomado como ejemplo algunas imágenes que de una u otra forma han generado reacción entre los consumidores de medios y que, sin ser las únicas, son casos destacados de deformaciones mediáticas.Instituto de Investigaciones en Comunicación (IICOM

Evaluación del perfil de nutrientes de bagazo de agave como alternativa de alimento para rumiantes

The aim of this project was to evaluate the in vitro nutrient profile of Agave salmiana (AS) and Agave weberi cela (AWC) bagasse as alternative feedstuffs for ruminant nutrition. The bagasse was collected in Jalpa, Zacatecas during 2010. From collected samples, dry matter (DM), ash, crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), total organic carbon (TOC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total reducing sugars (TRS) were evaluated. Macro- and micro-minerals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Also, it was used an in vitro gas production technique to evaluate fermentation kinetic, and after 48h of incubation samples were used to quantified VFA production. Crude protein (%) (2.25 vs 2.73), EE (%) (0.274 vs 0.272), CF (%) (22.15 vs 16.58) and ash (%) (2.14 vs 1.81) were not different statistically (p> 0.05) between AS and AWC treatment. Values for NDF (% DM) were statistically different (p< 0.05) between AS (45.45) and AWC (52.95) treatments. No differences on VFA’s were observed among agave bagasse and bean straw. Calcium (%) values averaged 3.46 and 1.95 for AS and AWC-treatments, respectively. It is concluded that Agave bagasse can represents an alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, especially at dry season.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el perfil in vitro de nutrientes de bagazo de Agave salmiana (AS) y Agave weberi cela (AWC) como alternativa para la nutrición de los rumiantes. El bagazo se recogió en Jalpa, Zacatecas durante el año 2010. A partir de las muestras recogidas, se evaluó: materia seca (MS), cenizas, fibra cruda (FC), extracto etéreo (EE), proteína cruda (PC), carbono orgánico total (TOC), detergente neutro de fibra (DNF), y azúcares reductores totales (ART). Macro y micro-minerales se determinaron por espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Además, se utilizó una técnica de producción de gas in vitro para evaluar la cinética de fermentación, y después de 48 h de incubación de las muestras se utilizaron para cuantificar la producción de AGV. La proteína cruda (%) (2.25 vs 2.73), EE (%) (0.274 vs 0.272), CF (%) (22.15 vs 16,58) y cenizas (%) (2.14 vs 1.81) no fueron diferentes estadísticamente (p> 0.05) entre AS y tratamiento AWC. Los valores de DNF (% MS) fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p< 0.05) entre el AS (45.45) y los tratamientos AWC (52.95). No se observaron diferencias en AGV entre bagazo de agave y de frijol. Los valores de calcio (%) promedio de 3.46 y 1.95 para AS y AWC, respectivamente. Se concluye que, el bagazo de agave representa una alternativa viable para la alimentación de rumiantes, especialmente en la estación seca

Estado actual de los conocimientos sobre la prevalencia de los trastornos trastornos del neurodesarrollo en la infancia según el DSM-5: una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con los criterios PRISMA

Objective: To interpret the current evidence on the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) through a systematic review based on both DSM-5 (2013) and PRISMA criteria. Method: Empirical studies complying with the PRISMA guidelines were identified from four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest) and systematically reviewed. In total, 17 articles were selected for the study. Results: In the scientific literature, there have been only a few studies measuring the prevalence of NDDs according to the DSM-5 (2013) criteria in people under 18 years old. The reported prevalence rates were as follows: intellectual disability (ID), 0.63%; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 5-11%; autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 0.70-3%; specific learning disorder (SLD), 3-10%; communication disorders (CDs), 1-3.42%; and motor disorders (MDs), 0.76-17%. Although there is extensive literature on specific disorders, NDDs have rarely been assessed as a whole. All of the reviewed studies support the idea that such disorders can be considered chronic, heterogeneous, underdiagnosed conditions and that comorbidity of multiple NDDs is the norm. Likewise, it is estimated that the prevalence of the most studied disorders, such as ADHD, ASD and SLD, remains stable over time and is consistent in different cultures, ages, ethnicities and sexes. Conclusion: The studies reviewed lead us to conclude that the prevalence rate of NDDs fluctuates globally between 4.70 and 88.50%; these variations depend on methodological aspects such as estimation procedures, as well as on sociocontextual phenomena. It is also important to consider that the prevalence found is probably highly influenced by the activity of the countries in the diagnosis and training of professionals who care for children and adolescents. Hence, there is a need for a secondary intervention in the fields of public health and education to minimize socioemotional consequences, prevent academic failure, and reduce the economic cost to society.Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y PatologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu