Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

A Novel Method for Ion Track Counting in Polycarbonate Detector

A computer program for recognizing and counting the track of ions that are detected with polycarbonate detector has been written using MATLAB software. There are different programs for counting the track of ions in different detectors. Algorithm of this program specially has been written for polycarbonate detector and also for low magnification of optical microscope. Thus, with this method as per image of optical microscope, greater numbers of ions are visible and general distribution of ions can be better known. However, the accuracy of counting program is very high

Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network

As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined

Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network

As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined

IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SURGERY (IJVS) Caudal Epidural Analgesia Using Lidocaine Alone and in Combination with Tramadol in Dromedary Camels

Abstract Objective-This study was performed to investigate the analgesic effects of lidocaine and lidocaine/tramadol combination in epidural anaesthesia in dromedary camels. Design-Experimental Study Animals-Eight healthy immature dromedary camels Procedures-The camels were randomly designed in 2 equal groups. In group L: lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and in group LT: a combination of lidocaine 2% (0.22 mg/kg) and tramadol (1 mg/kg) were injected into the first inter-coccygeal (Co1-Co2) epidural space. Onset time and duration of caudal analgesia, sedation and ataxia levels were recorded after drug administration. Results-Epidural lidocaine and co-administration of lidocaine and tramadol produced complete analgesia in the tail, anus and perineum. There were no significant differences in onset and duration of caudal analgesia parameters between groups L and LT (p>0.05). Epidural administration of the lidocainetramadol combination resulted in mild to moderate sedation, whilst the animals that received epidural lidocaine alone were alert and nervous during the study. Ataxia was observed in all test subjects and was slightly more severe in camels that received the lidocaine-tramadol mixture. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-It was concluded that epidural administration of lidocaine plus tramadol resulted in sedation and unnoticeable longer caudal analgesia in standing conscious dromedary camels compared with the effect of administering lidocaine alone

Applications of the quartz crystal microbalance in energy and environmental sciences: From flow assurance to nanotechnology

In the last decade, there has been a swift development in several scientific research works in which the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique has played a critical role in unravelling different aspects of energy and environmental materials and biological substances as well as all corresponding molecular interactions within those media. We comprehensively review the numerous types of surface chemistries, including but not limited to hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, self-assembled monolayers and ionic bonding, that are monitored using QCMs in a variety of fields such as energy and chemical industries in addition to the biology, medicine and nanotechnology disciplines. Furthermore, we critically review the QCM's diverse applications, which include the detection of organic and inorganic scale formation and deposition onto solid surfaces and evaluation of respective inhibitors, monitoring of adsorption/desorption of hydrocarbon surface-active species onto/from solid rock surface, detection of virions on the surface, diagnostics of various diseases, detection of protein aggregation, and detection of medicines. Focusing on the recent growth of applications of QCMs in each field within the last few years, some of the barriers, limitations, and prospective uses are succinctly highlighted. We hope that this review can pave the way for other researchers worldwide to expand their surface chemistry studies in the abovementioned fields using QCM based technologies

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for screening.

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for screening.</p

Population characteristics in each step of the care cascade.

Population characteristics in each step of the care cascade.</p

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for diagnosis.

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for diagnosis.</p

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for control.

Importance of population characteristics and comparative probabilities of the top six important classifiers for control.</p